Source code for apache_beam.io.gcp.bigquery

#
# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
# contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
# this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
# the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
#

"""BigQuery sources and sinks.

This module implements reading from and writing to BigQuery tables. It relies
on several classes exposed by the BigQuery API: TableSchema, TableFieldSchema,
TableRow, and TableCell. The default mode is to return table rows read from a
BigQuery source as dictionaries. Similarly a Write transform to a BigQuerySink
accepts PCollections of dictionaries. This is done for more convenient
programming.  If desired, the native TableRow objects can be used throughout to
represent rows (use an instance of TableRowJsonCoder as a coder argument when
creating the sources or sinks respectively).

Also, for programming convenience, instances of TableReference and TableSchema
have a string representation that can be used for the corresponding arguments:

  - TableReference can be a PROJECT:DATASET.TABLE or DATASET.TABLE string.
  - TableSchema can be a NAME:TYPE{,NAME:TYPE}* string
    (e.g. 'month:STRING,event_count:INTEGER').

The syntax supported is described here:
https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/bq-command-line-tool-quickstart

BigQuery sources can be used as main inputs or side inputs. A main input
(common case) is expected to be massive and will be split into manageable chunks
and processed in parallel. Side inputs are expected to be small and will be read
completely every time a ParDo DoFn gets executed. In the example below the
lambda function implementing the DoFn for the Map transform will get on each
call *one* row of the main table and *all* rows of the side table. The runner
may use some caching techniques to share the side inputs between calls in order
to avoid excessive reading:::

  main_table = pipeline | 'VeryBig' >> beam.io.ReadFromBigQuery(...)
  side_table = pipeline | 'NotBig' >> beam.io.ReadFromBigQuery(...)
  results = (
      main_table
      | 'ProcessData' >> beam.Map(
          lambda element, side_input: ..., AsList(side_table)))

There is no difference in how main and side inputs are read. What makes the
side_table a 'side input' is the AsList wrapper used when passing the table
as a parameter to the Map transform. AsList signals to the execution framework
that its input should be made available whole.

The main and side inputs are implemented differently. Reading a BigQuery table
as main input entails exporting the table to a set of GCS files (in AVRO or in
JSON format) and then processing those files.

Users may provide a query to read from rather than reading all of a BigQuery
table. If specified, the result obtained by executing the specified query will
be used as the data of the input transform.::

  query_results = pipeline | beam.io.gcp.bigquery.ReadFromBigQuery(
      query='SELECT year, mean_temp FROM samples.weather_stations')

When creating a BigQuery input transform, users should provide either a query
or a table. Pipeline construction will fail with a validation error if neither
or both are specified.

When reading via `ReadFromBigQuery`, bytes are returned decoded as bytes.
This is due to the fact that ReadFromBigQuery uses Avro exports by default.
When reading from BigQuery using `apache_beam.io.BigQuerySource`, bytes are
returned as base64-encoded bytes. To get base64-encoded bytes using
`ReadFromBigQuery`, you can use the flag `use_json_exports` to export
data as JSON, and receive base64-encoded bytes.

ReadAllFromBigQuery
-------------------
Beam 2.27.0 introduces a new transform called `ReadAllFromBigQuery` which
allows you to define table and query reads from BigQuery at pipeline
runtime.:::

  read_requests = p | beam.Create([
      ReadFromBigQueryRequest(query='SELECT * FROM mydataset.mytable'),
      ReadFromBigQueryRequest(table='myproject.mydataset.mytable')])
  results = read_requests | ReadAllFromBigQuery()

A good application for this transform is in streaming pipelines to
refresh a side input coming from BigQuery. This would work like so:::

  side_input = (
      p
      | 'PeriodicImpulse' >> PeriodicImpulse(
          first_timestamp, last_timestamp, interval, True)
      | 'MapToReadRequest' >> beam.Map(
          lambda x: ReadFromBigQueryRequest(table='dataset.table'))
      | beam.io.ReadAllFromBigQuery())
  main_input = (
      p
      | 'MpImpulse' >> beam.Create(sample_main_input_elements)
      |
      'MapMpToTimestamped' >> beam.Map(lambda src: TimestampedValue(src, src))
      | 'WindowMpInto' >> beam.WindowInto(
          window.FixedWindows(main_input_windowing_interval)))
  result = (
      main_input
      | 'ApplyCrossJoin' >> beam.FlatMap(
          cross_join, rights=beam.pvalue.AsIter(side_input)))

**Note**: This transform is supported on Portable and Dataflow v2 runners.

**Note**: This transform does not currently clean up temporary datasets
created for its execution. (BEAM-11359)

Writing Data to BigQuery
========================

The `WriteToBigQuery` transform is the recommended way of writing data to
BigQuery. It supports a large set of parameters to customize how you'd like to
write to BigQuery.

Table References
----------------

This transform allows you to provide static `project`, `dataset` and `table`
parameters which point to a specific BigQuery table to be created. The `table`
parameter can also be a dynamic parameter (i.e. a callable), which receives an
element to be written to BigQuery, and returns the table that that element
should be sent to.

You may also provide a tuple of PCollectionView elements to be passed as side
inputs to your callable. For example, suppose that one wishes to send
events of different types to different tables, and the table names are
computed at pipeline runtime, one may do something like the following::

    with Pipeline() as p:
      elements = (p | beam.Create([
        {'type': 'error', 'timestamp': '12:34:56', 'message': 'bad'},
        {'type': 'user_log', 'timestamp': '12:34:59', 'query': 'flu symptom'},
      ]))

      table_names = (p | beam.Create([
        ('error', 'my_project:dataset1.error_table_for_today'),
        ('user_log', 'my_project:dataset1.query_table_for_today'),
      ])

      table_names_dict = beam.pvalue.AsDict(table_names)

      elements | beam.io.gcp.bigquery.WriteToBigQuery(
        table=lambda row, table_dict: table_dict[row['type']],
        table_side_inputs=(table_names_dict,))

In the example above, the `table_dict` argument passed to the function in
`table_dict` is the side input coming from `table_names_dict`, which is passed
as part of the `table_side_inputs` argument.

Schemas
---------

This transform also allows you to provide a static or dynamic `schema`
parameter (i.e. a callable).

If providing a callable, this should take in a table reference (as returned by
the `table` parameter), and return the corresponding schema for that table.
This allows to provide different schemas for different tables::

    def compute_table_name(row):
      ...

    errors_schema = {'fields': [
      {'name': 'type', 'type': 'STRING', 'mode': 'NULLABLE'},
      {'name': 'message', 'type': 'STRING', 'mode': 'NULLABLE'}]}
    queries_schema = {'fields': [
      {'name': 'type', 'type': 'STRING', 'mode': 'NULLABLE'},
      {'name': 'query', 'type': 'STRING', 'mode': 'NULLABLE'}]}

    with Pipeline() as p:
      elements = (p | beam.Create([
        {'type': 'error', 'timestamp': '12:34:56', 'message': 'bad'},
        {'type': 'user_log', 'timestamp': '12:34:59', 'query': 'flu symptom'},
      ]))

      elements | beam.io.gcp.bigquery.WriteToBigQuery(
        table=compute_table_name,
        schema=lambda table: (errors_schema
                              if 'errors' in table
                              else queries_schema))

It may be the case that schemas are computed at pipeline runtime. In cases
like these, one can also provide a `schema_side_inputs` parameter, which is
a tuple of PCollectionViews to be passed to the schema callable (much like
the `table_side_inputs` parameter).

Additional Parameters for BigQuery Tables
-----------------------------------------

This sink is able to create tables in BigQuery if they don't already exist. It
also relies on creating temporary tables when performing file loads.

The WriteToBigQuery transform creates tables using the BigQuery API by
inserting a load job (see the API reference [1]), or by inserting a new table
(see the API reference for that [2][3]).

When creating a new BigQuery table, there are a number of extra parameters
that one may need to specify. For example, clustering, partitioning, data
encoding, etc. It is possible to provide these additional parameters by
passing a Python dictionary as `additional_bq_parameters` to the transform.
As an example, to create a table that has specific partitioning, and
clustering properties, one would do the following::

    additional_bq_parameters = {
      'timePartitioning': {'type': 'DAY'},
      'clustering': {'fields': ['country']}}
    with Pipeline() as p:
      elements = (p | beam.Create([
        {'country': 'mexico', 'timestamp': '12:34:56', 'query': 'acapulco'},
        {'country': 'canada', 'timestamp': '12:34:59', 'query': 'influenza'},
      ]))

      elements | beam.io.gcp.bigquery.WriteToBigQuery(
        table='project_name1:dataset_2.query_events_table',
        additional_bq_parameters=additional_bq_parameters)

Much like the schema case, the parameter with `additional_bq_parameters` can
also take a callable that receives a table reference.


[1] https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/rest/v2/Job\
        #jobconfigurationload
[2] https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/rest/v2/tables/insert
[3] https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/rest/v2/tables#resource

Chaining of operations after WriteToBigQuery
--------------------------------------------
WritToBigQuery returns an object with several PCollections that consist of
metadata about the write operations. These are useful to inspect the write
operation and follow with the results::

  schema = {'fields': [
      {'name': 'column', 'type': 'STRING', 'mode': 'NULLABLE'}]}

  error_schema = {'fields': [
      {'name': 'destination', 'type': 'STRING', 'mode': 'NULLABLE'},
      {'name': 'row', 'type': 'STRING', 'mode': 'NULLABLE'},
      {'name': 'error_message', 'type': 'STRING', 'mode': 'NULLABLE'}]}

  with Pipeline() as p:
    result = (p
      | 'Create Columns' >> beam.Create([
              {'column': 'value'},
              {'bad_column': 'bad_value'}
            ])
      | 'Write Data' >> WriteToBigQuery(
              method=WriteToBigQuery.Method.STREAMING_INSERTS,
              table=my_table,
              schema=schema,
              insert_retry_strategy=RetryStrategy.RETRY_NEVER
            ))

    _ = (result.failed_rows_with_errors
      | 'Get Errors' >> beam.Map(lambda e: {
              "destination": e[0],
              "row": json.dumps(e[1]),
              "error_message": e[2][0]['message']
            })
      | 'Write Errors' >> WriteToBigQuery(
              method=WriteToBigQuery.Method.STREAMING_INSERTS,
              table=error_log_table,
              schema=error_schema,
            ))

Often, the simplest use case is to chain an operation after writing data to
BigQuery.To do this, one can chain the operation after one of the output
PCollections. A generic way in which this operation (independent of write
method) could look like::

  def chain_after(result):
    try:
      # This works for FILE_LOADS, where we run load and possibly copy jobs.
      return (result.load_jobid_pairs, result.copy_jobid_pairs) | beam.Flatten()
    except AttributeError:
      # Works for STREAMING_INSERTS, where we return the rows BigQuery rejected
      return result.failed_rows

  result = (pcoll | WriteToBigQuery(...))

  _ = (chain_after(result)
       | beam.Reshuffle() # Force a 'commit' of the intermediate date
       | MyOperationAfterWriteToBQ())

Attributes can be accessed using dot notation or bracket notation:
```
result.failed_rows                  <--> result['FailedRows']
result.failed_rows_with_errors      <--> result['FailedRowsWithErrors']
result.destination_load_jobid_pairs <--> result['destination_load_jobid_pairs']
result.destination_file_pairs       <--> result['destination_file_pairs']
result.destination_copy_jobid_pairs <--> result['destination_copy_jobid_pairs']
```


*** Short introduction to BigQuery concepts ***
Tables have rows (TableRow) and each row has cells (TableCell).
A table has a schema (TableSchema), which in turn describes the schema of each
cell (TableFieldSchema). The terms field and cell are used interchangeably.

TableSchema: Describes the schema (types and order) for values in each row.
  Has one attribute, 'field', which is list of TableFieldSchema objects.

TableFieldSchema: Describes the schema (type, name) for one field.
  Has several attributes, including 'name' and 'type'. Common values for
  the type attribute are: 'STRING', 'INTEGER', 'FLOAT', 'BOOLEAN', 'NUMERIC',
  'GEOGRAPHY'.
  All possible values are described at:
  https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/data-types

TableRow: Holds all values in a table row. Has one attribute, 'f', which is a
  list of TableCell instances.

TableCell: Holds the value for one cell (or field).  Has one attribute,
  'v', which is a JsonValue instance. This class is defined in
  apitools.base.py.extra_types.py module.

As of Beam 2.7.0, the NUMERIC data type is supported. This data type supports
high-precision decimal numbers (precision of 38 digits, scale of 9 digits).
The GEOGRAPHY data type works with Well-Known Text (See
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Well-known_text) format for reading and writing
to BigQuery.
BigQuery IO requires values of BYTES datatype to be encoded using base64
encoding when writing to BigQuery.

**Updates to the I/O connector code**

For any significant updates to this I/O connector, please consider involving
corresponding code reviewers mentioned in
https://github.com/apache/beam/blob/master/sdks/python/OWNERS
"""

# pytype: skip-file

import collections
import io
import itertools
import json
import logging
import random
import time
import uuid
import warnings
from dataclasses import dataclass
from typing import Dict
from typing import List
from typing import Optional
from typing import Tuple
from typing import Union

import fastavro

import apache_beam as beam
from apache_beam import coders
from apache_beam import pvalue
from apache_beam.internal.gcp.json_value import from_json_value
from apache_beam.internal.gcp.json_value import to_json_value
from apache_beam.io import range_trackers
from apache_beam.io.avroio import _create_avro_source as create_avro_source
from apache_beam.io.filesystems import CompressionTypes
from apache_beam.io.filesystems import FileSystems
from apache_beam.io.gcp import bigquery_schema_tools
from apache_beam.io.gcp import bigquery_tools
from apache_beam.io.gcp.bigquery_io_metadata import create_bigquery_io_metadata
from apache_beam.io.gcp.bigquery_read_internal import _BigQueryReadSplit
from apache_beam.io.gcp.bigquery_read_internal import _JsonToDictCoder
from apache_beam.io.gcp.bigquery_read_internal import _PassThroughThenCleanup
from apache_beam.io.gcp.bigquery_read_internal import _PassThroughThenCleanupTempDatasets
from apache_beam.io.gcp.bigquery_read_internal import bigquery_export_destination_uri
from apache_beam.io.gcp.bigquery_tools import RetryStrategy
from apache_beam.io.gcp.internal.clients import bigquery
from apache_beam.io.iobase import BoundedSource
from apache_beam.io.iobase import RangeTracker
from apache_beam.io.iobase import SDFBoundedSourceReader
from apache_beam.io.iobase import SourceBundle
from apache_beam.io.textio import _TextSource as TextSource
from apache_beam.metrics import Metrics
from apache_beam.options import value_provider as vp
from apache_beam.options.pipeline_options import DebugOptions
from apache_beam.options.pipeline_options import GoogleCloudOptions
from apache_beam.options.pipeline_options import StandardOptions
from apache_beam.options.value_provider import StaticValueProvider
from apache_beam.options.value_provider import ValueProvider
from apache_beam.options.value_provider import check_accessible
from apache_beam.pvalue import PCollection
from apache_beam.transforms import DoFn
from apache_beam.transforms import ParDo
from apache_beam.transforms import PTransform
from apache_beam.transforms.display import DisplayDataItem
from apache_beam.transforms.sideinputs import SIDE_INPUT_PREFIX
from apache_beam.transforms.sideinputs import get_sideinput_index
from apache_beam.transforms.util import ReshufflePerKey
from apache_beam.transforms.window import GlobalWindows
from apache_beam.utils import retry
from apache_beam.utils.annotations import deprecated
from apache_beam.utils.annotations import experimental

try:
  from apache_beam.io.gcp.internal.clients.bigquery import DatasetReference
  from apache_beam.io.gcp.internal.clients.bigquery import TableReference
  from apache_beam.io.gcp.internal.clients.bigquery import JobReference
except ImportError:
  DatasetReference = None
  TableReference = None
  JobReference = None

_LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)

try:
  import google.cloud.bigquery_storage_v1 as bq_storage
except ImportError:
  _LOGGER.info(
      'No module named google.cloud.bigquery_storage_v1. '
      'As a result, the ReadFromBigQuery transform *CANNOT* be '
      'used with `method=DIRECT_READ`.')

__all__ = [
    'TableRowJsonCoder',
    'BigQueryDisposition',
    'BigQuerySource',
    'BigQuerySink',
    'BigQueryQueryPriority',
    'WriteToBigQuery',
    'WriteResult',
    'ReadFromBigQuery',
    'ReadFromBigQueryRequest',
    'ReadAllFromBigQuery',
    'SCHEMA_AUTODETECT',
]
"""
Template for BigQuery jobs created by BigQueryIO. This template is:
`"beam_bq_job_{job_type}_{job_id}_{step_id}_{random}"`, where:

- `job_type` represents the BigQuery job type (e.g. extract / copy / load /
    query).
- `job_id` is the Beam job name.
- `step_id` is a UUID representing the Dataflow step that created the
    BQ job.
- `random` is a random string.

NOTE: This job name template does not have backwards compatibility guarantees.
"""
BQ_JOB_NAME_TEMPLATE = "beam_bq_job_{job_type}_{job_id}_{step_id}{random}"
"""
The maximum number of times that a bundle of rows that errors out should be
sent for insertion into BigQuery.

The default is 10,000 with exponential backoffs, so a bundle of rows may be
tried for a very long time. You may reduce this property to reduce the number
of retries.
"""
MAX_INSERT_RETRIES = 10000


@deprecated(since='2.11.0', current="bigquery_tools.parse_table_reference")
def _parse_table_reference(table, dataset=None, project=None):
  return bigquery_tools.parse_table_reference(table, dataset, project)


@deprecated(
    since='2.11.0', current="bigquery_tools.parse_table_schema_from_json")
def parse_table_schema_from_json(schema_string):
  return bigquery_tools.parse_table_schema_from_json(schema_string)


@deprecated(since='2.11.0', current="bigquery_tools.default_encoder")
def default_encoder(obj):
  return bigquery_tools.default_encoder(obj)


@deprecated(since='2.11.0', current="bigquery_tools.RowAsDictJsonCoder")
def RowAsDictJsonCoder(*args, **kwargs):
  return bigquery_tools.RowAsDictJsonCoder(*args, **kwargs)


@deprecated(since='2.11.0', current="bigquery_tools.BigQueryWrapper")
def BigQueryWrapper(*args, **kwargs):
  return bigquery_tools.BigQueryWrapper(*args, **kwargs)


[docs]class TableRowJsonCoder(coders.Coder): """A coder for a TableRow instance to/from a JSON string. Note that the encoding operation (used when writing to sinks) requires the table schema in order to obtain the ordered list of field names. Reading from sources on the other hand does not need the table schema. """ def __init__(self, table_schema=None): # The table schema is needed for encoding TableRows as JSON (writing to # sinks) because the ordered list of field names is used in the JSON # representation. self.table_schema = table_schema # Precompute field names since we need them for row encoding. if self.table_schema: self.field_names = tuple(fs.name for fs in self.table_schema.fields) self.field_types = tuple(fs.type for fs in self.table_schema.fields)
[docs] def encode(self, table_row): if self.table_schema is None: raise AttributeError( 'The TableRowJsonCoder requires a table schema for ' 'encoding operations. Please specify a table_schema argument.') try: return json.dumps( collections.OrderedDict( zip( self.field_names, [from_json_value(f.v) for f in table_row.f])), allow_nan=False, default=bigquery_tools.default_encoder) except ValueError as e: raise ValueError('%s. %s' % (e, bigquery_tools.JSON_COMPLIANCE_ERROR))
[docs] def decode(self, encoded_table_row): od = json.loads( encoded_table_row, object_pairs_hook=collections.OrderedDict) return bigquery.TableRow( f=[bigquery.TableCell(v=to_json_value(e)) for e in od.values()])
[docs]class BigQueryDisposition(object): """Class holding standard strings used for create and write dispositions.""" CREATE_NEVER = 'CREATE_NEVER' CREATE_IF_NEEDED = 'CREATE_IF_NEEDED' WRITE_TRUNCATE = 'WRITE_TRUNCATE' WRITE_APPEND = 'WRITE_APPEND' WRITE_EMPTY = 'WRITE_EMPTY'
[docs] @staticmethod def validate_create(disposition): values = ( BigQueryDisposition.CREATE_NEVER, BigQueryDisposition.CREATE_IF_NEEDED) if disposition not in values: raise ValueError( 'Invalid create disposition %s. Expecting %s' % (disposition, values)) return disposition
[docs] @staticmethod def validate_write(disposition): values = ( BigQueryDisposition.WRITE_TRUNCATE, BigQueryDisposition.WRITE_APPEND, BigQueryDisposition.WRITE_EMPTY) if disposition not in values: raise ValueError( 'Invalid write disposition %s. Expecting %s' % (disposition, values)) return disposition
[docs]class BigQueryQueryPriority(object): """Class holding standard strings used for query priority.""" INTERACTIVE = 'INTERACTIVE' BATCH = 'BATCH'
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- # BigQuerySource, BigQuerySink.
[docs]@deprecated(since='2.25.0', current="ReadFromBigQuery") def BigQuerySource( table=None, dataset=None, project=None, query=None, validate=False, coder=None, use_standard_sql=False, flatten_results=True, kms_key=None, use_dataflow_native_source=False): if use_dataflow_native_source: warnings.warn( "Native sources no longer implemented; " "falling back to standard Beam source.") return ReadFromBigQuery( table=table, dataset=dataset, project=project, query=query, validate=validate, coder=coder, use_standard_sql=use_standard_sql, flatten_results=flatten_results, use_json_exports=True, kms_key=kms_key)
@deprecated(since='2.25.0', current="ReadFromBigQuery") def _BigQuerySource(*args, **kwargs): """A source based on a BigQuery table.""" warnings.warn( "Native sources no longer implemented; " "falling back to standard Beam source.") return ReadFromBigQuery(*args, **kwargs) # TODO(https://github.com/apache/beam/issues/21622): remove the serialization # restriction in transform implementation once InteractiveRunner can work # without runner api roundtrips. @dataclass class _BigQueryExportResult: coder: beam.coders.Coder paths: List[str] class _CustomBigQuerySource(BoundedSource): def __init__( self, method, gcs_location=None, table=None, dataset=None, project=None, query=None, validate=False, pipeline_options=None, coder=None, use_standard_sql=False, flatten_results=True, kms_key=None, bigquery_job_labels=None, use_json_exports=False, job_name=None, step_name=None, unique_id=None, temp_dataset=None, query_priority=BigQueryQueryPriority.BATCH): if table is not None and query is not None: raise ValueError( 'Both a BigQuery table and a query were specified.' ' Please specify only one of these.') elif table is None and query is None: raise ValueError('A BigQuery table or a query must be specified') elif table is not None: self.table_reference = bigquery_tools.parse_table_reference( table, dataset, project) self.query = None self.use_legacy_sql = True else: if isinstance(query, str): query = StaticValueProvider(str, query) self.query = query # TODO(BEAM-1082): Change the internal flag to be standard_sql self.use_legacy_sql = not use_standard_sql self.table_reference = None self.method = method self.gcs_location = gcs_location self.project = project self.validate = validate self.flatten_results = flatten_results self.coder = coder or _JsonToDictCoder self.kms_key = kms_key self.export_result = None self.options = pipeline_options self.bq_io_metadata = None # Populate in setup, as it may make an RPC self.bigquery_job_labels = bigquery_job_labels or {} self.use_json_exports = use_json_exports self.temp_dataset = temp_dataset self.query_priority = query_priority self._job_name = job_name or 'BQ_EXPORT_JOB' self._step_name = step_name self._source_uuid = unique_id def _get_bq_metadata(self): if not self.bq_io_metadata: self.bq_io_metadata = create_bigquery_io_metadata(self._step_name) return self.bq_io_metadata def display_data(self): export_format = 'JSON' if self.use_json_exports else 'AVRO' return { 'method': str(self.method), 'table': str(self.table_reference), 'query': str(self.query), 'project': str(self.project), 'use_legacy_sql': self.use_legacy_sql, 'bigquery_job_labels': json.dumps(self.bigquery_job_labels), 'export_file_format': export_format, 'launchesBigQueryJobs': DisplayDataItem( True, label="This Dataflow job launches bigquery jobs."), } def estimate_size(self): bq = bigquery_tools.BigQueryWrapper() if self.table_reference is not None: table_ref = self.table_reference if (isinstance(self.table_reference, vp.ValueProvider) and self.table_reference.is_accessible()): table_ref = bigquery_tools.parse_table_reference( self.table_reference.get(), project=self._get_project()) elif isinstance(self.table_reference, vp.ValueProvider): # Size estimation is best effort. We return None as we have # no access to the table that we're querying. return None if not table_ref.projectId: table_ref.projectId = self._get_project() table = bq.get_table( table_ref.projectId, table_ref.datasetId, table_ref.tableId) return int(table.numBytes) elif self.query is not None and self.query.is_accessible(): project = self._get_project() query_job_name = bigquery_tools.generate_bq_job_name( self._job_name, self._source_uuid, bigquery_tools.BigQueryJobTypes.QUERY, '%s_%s' % (int(time.time()), random.randint(0, 1000))) job = bq._start_query_job( project, self.query.get(), self.use_legacy_sql, self.flatten_results, job_id=query_job_name, priority=self.query_priority, dry_run=True, kms_key=self.kms_key, job_labels=self._get_bq_metadata().add_additional_bq_job_labels( self.bigquery_job_labels)) size = int(job.statistics.totalBytesProcessed) return size else: # Size estimation is best effort. We return None as we have # no access to the query that we're running. return None def _get_project(self): """Returns the project that queries and exports will be billed to.""" project = self.options.view_as(GoogleCloudOptions).project if isinstance(project, vp.ValueProvider): project = project.get() if self.temp_dataset: return self.temp_dataset.projectId if not project: project = self.project return project def _create_source(self, path, coder): if not self.use_json_exports: return create_avro_source(path) else: return TextSource( path, min_bundle_size=0, compression_type=CompressionTypes.UNCOMPRESSED, strip_trailing_newlines=True, coder=coder) def split(self, desired_bundle_size, start_position=None, stop_position=None): if self.export_result is None: bq = bigquery_tools.BigQueryWrapper( temp_dataset_id=( self.temp_dataset.datasetId if self.temp_dataset else None)) if self.query is not None: self._setup_temporary_dataset(bq) self.table_reference = self._execute_query(bq) if isinstance(self.table_reference, vp.ValueProvider): self.table_reference = bigquery_tools.parse_table_reference( self.table_reference.get(), project=self._get_project()) elif not self.table_reference.projectId: self.table_reference.projectId = self._get_project() schema, metadata_list = self._export_files(bq) self.export_result = _BigQueryExportResult( coder=self.coder(schema), paths=[metadata.path for metadata in metadata_list]) if self.query is not None: bq.clean_up_temporary_dataset(self._get_project()) for path in self.export_result.paths: source = self._create_source(path, self.export_result.coder) yield SourceBundle( weight=1.0, source=source, start_position=None, stop_position=None) def get_range_tracker(self, start_position, stop_position): class CustomBigQuerySourceRangeTracker(RangeTracker): """A RangeTracker that always returns positions as None.""" def start_position(self): return None def stop_position(self): return None return CustomBigQuerySourceRangeTracker() def read(self, range_tracker): raise NotImplementedError('BigQuery source must be split before being read') @check_accessible(['query']) def _setup_temporary_dataset(self, bq): if self.temp_dataset: # Temp dataset was provided by the user so we can just return. return location = bq.get_query_location( self._get_project(), self.query.get(), self.use_legacy_sql) bq.create_temporary_dataset(self._get_project(), location) @check_accessible(['query']) def _execute_query(self, bq): query_job_name = bigquery_tools.generate_bq_job_name( self._job_name, self._source_uuid, bigquery_tools.BigQueryJobTypes.QUERY, '%s_%s' % (int(time.time()), random.randint(0, 1000))) job = bq._start_query_job( self._get_project(), self.query.get(), self.use_legacy_sql, self.flatten_results, job_id=query_job_name, priority=self.query_priority, kms_key=self.kms_key, job_labels=self._get_bq_metadata().add_additional_bq_job_labels( self.bigquery_job_labels)) job_ref = job.jobReference bq.wait_for_bq_job(job_ref, max_retries=0) return bq._get_temp_table(self._get_project()) def _export_files(self, bq): """Runs a BigQuery export job. Returns: bigquery.TableSchema instance, a list of FileMetadata instances """ job_labels = self._get_bq_metadata().add_additional_bq_job_labels( self.bigquery_job_labels) export_job_name = bigquery_tools.generate_bq_job_name( self._job_name, self._source_uuid, bigquery_tools.BigQueryJobTypes.EXPORT, '%s_%s' % (int(time.time()), random.randint(0, 1000))) temp_location = self.options.view_as(GoogleCloudOptions).temp_location gcs_location = bigquery_export_destination_uri( self.gcs_location, temp_location, self._source_uuid) try: if self.use_json_exports: job_ref = bq.perform_extract_job([gcs_location], export_job_name, self.table_reference, bigquery_tools.FileFormat.JSON, project=self._get_project(), job_labels=job_labels, include_header=False) else: job_ref = bq.perform_extract_job([gcs_location], export_job_name, self.table_reference, bigquery_tools.FileFormat.AVRO, project=self._get_project(), include_header=False, job_labels=job_labels, use_avro_logical_types=True) bq.wait_for_bq_job(job_ref) except Exception as exn: # pylint: disable=broad-except # The error messages thrown in this case are generic and misleading, # so leave this breadcrumb in case it's the root cause. logging.warning( "Error exporting table: %s. " "Note that external tables cannot be exported: " "https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/external-tables" "#external_table_limitations", exn) raise metadata_list = FileSystems.match([gcs_location])[0].metadata_list if isinstance(self.table_reference, vp.ValueProvider): table_ref = bigquery_tools.parse_table_reference( self.table_reference.get(), project=self.project) else: table_ref = self.table_reference table = bq.get_table( table_ref.projectId, table_ref.datasetId, table_ref.tableId) return table.schema, metadata_list class _CustomBigQueryStorageSource(BoundedSource): """A base class for BoundedSource implementations which read from BigQuery using the BigQuery Storage API. Args: table (str, TableReference): The ID of the table. If **dataset** argument is :data:`None` then the table argument must contain the entire table reference specified as: ``'PROJECT:DATASET.TABLE'`` or must specify a TableReference. dataset (str): Optional ID of the dataset containing this table or :data:`None` if the table argument specifies a TableReference. project (str): Optional ID of the project containing this table or :data:`None` if the table argument specifies a TableReference. selected_fields (List[str]): Optional List of names of the fields in the table that should be read. If empty, all fields will be read. If the specified field is a nested field, all the sub-fields in the field will be selected. The output field order is unrelated to the order of fields in selected_fields. row_restriction (str): Optional SQL text filtering statement, similar to a WHERE clause in a query. Aggregates are not supported. Restricted to a maximum length for 1 MB. use_native_datetime (bool): If :data:`True`, BigQuery DATETIME fields will be returned as native Python datetime objects. If :data:`False`, DATETIME fields will be returned as formatted strings (for example: 2021-01-01T12:59:59). The default is :data:`False`. """ # The maximum number of streams which will be requested when creating a read # session, regardless of the desired bundle size. MAX_SPLIT_COUNT = 10000 # The minimum number of streams which will be requested when creating a read # session, regardless of the desired bundle size. Note that the server may # still choose to return fewer than ten streams based on the layout of the # table. MIN_SPLIT_COUNT = 10 def __init__( self, method: str, query_priority: [BigQueryQueryPriority] = BigQueryQueryPriority.BATCH, table: Optional[Union[str, TableReference]] = None, dataset: Optional[str] = None, project: Optional[str] = None, query: Optional[str] = None, selected_fields: Optional[List[str]] = None, row_restriction: Optional[str] = None, pipeline_options: Optional[GoogleCloudOptions] = None, unique_id: Optional[uuid.UUID] = None, bigquery_job_labels: Optional[Dict] = None, bigquery_dataset_labels: Optional[Dict] = None, job_name: Optional[str] = None, step_name: Optional[str] = None, use_standard_sql: Optional[bool] = False, flatten_results: Optional[bool] = True, kms_key: Optional[str] = None, temp_dataset: Optional[DatasetReference] = None, temp_table: Optional[TableReference] = None, use_native_datetime: Optional[bool] = False): if table is not None and query is not None: raise ValueError( 'Both a BigQuery table and a query were specified.' ' Please specify only one of these.') elif table is None and query is None: raise ValueError('A BigQuery table or a query must be specified') elif table is not None: self.table_reference = bigquery_tools.parse_table_reference( table, dataset, project) self.query = None self.use_legacy_sql = True else: if isinstance(query, str): query = StaticValueProvider(str, query) self.query = query # TODO(BEAM-1082): Change the internal flag to be standard_sql self.use_legacy_sql = not use_standard_sql self.table_reference = None self.method = method self.project = project self.selected_fields = selected_fields self.row_restriction = row_restriction self.pipeline_options = pipeline_options self.split_result = None self.bigquery_job_labels = bigquery_job_labels or {} self.bigquery_dataset_labels = bigquery_dataset_labels or {} self.bq_io_metadata = None # Populate in setup, as it may make an RPC self.flatten_results = flatten_results self.kms_key = kms_key self.temp_table = temp_table self.query_priority = query_priority self.use_native_datetime = use_native_datetime self._job_name = job_name or 'BQ_DIRECT_READ_JOB' self._step_name = step_name self._source_uuid = unique_id def _get_parent_project(self): """Returns the project that will be billed.""" if self.temp_table: return self.temp_table.projectId project = self.pipeline_options.view_as(GoogleCloudOptions).project if isinstance(project, vp.ValueProvider): project = project.get() if not project: project = self.project return project def _get_table_size(self, bq, table_reference): project = ( table_reference.projectId if table_reference.projectId else self._get_parent_project()) table = bq.get_table( project, table_reference.datasetId, table_reference.tableId) return table.numBytes def _get_bq_metadata(self): if not self.bq_io_metadata: self.bq_io_metadata = create_bigquery_io_metadata(self._step_name) return self.bq_io_metadata @check_accessible(['query']) def _setup_temporary_dataset(self, bq): if self.temp_table: # Temp dataset was provided by the user so we can just return. return location = bq.get_query_location( self._get_parent_project(), self.query.get(), self.use_legacy_sql) _LOGGER.warning("### Labels: %s", str(self.bigquery_dataset_labels)) bq.create_temporary_dataset( self._get_parent_project(), location, self.bigquery_dataset_labels) @check_accessible(['query']) def _execute_query(self, bq): query_job_name = bigquery_tools.generate_bq_job_name( self._job_name, self._source_uuid, bigquery_tools.BigQueryJobTypes.QUERY, '%s_%s' % (int(time.time()), random.randint(0, 1000))) job = bq._start_query_job( self._get_parent_project(), self.query.get(), self.use_legacy_sql, self.flatten_results, job_id=query_job_name, priority=self.query_priority, kms_key=self.kms_key, job_labels=self._get_bq_metadata().add_additional_bq_job_labels( self.bigquery_job_labels)) job_ref = job.jobReference bq.wait_for_bq_job(job_ref, max_retries=0) table_reference = bq._get_temp_table(self._get_parent_project()) return table_reference def display_data(self): return { 'method': self.method, 'output_format': 'ARROW' if self.use_native_datetime else 'AVRO', 'project': str(self.project), 'table_reference': str(self.table_reference), 'query': str(self.query), 'use_legacy_sql': self.use_legacy_sql, 'use_native_datetime': self.use_native_datetime, 'selected_fields': str(self.selected_fields), 'row_restriction': str(self.row_restriction), 'launchesBigQueryJobs': DisplayDataItem( True, label="This Dataflow job launches bigquery jobs."), } def estimate_size(self): # Returns the pre-filtering size of the (temporary) table being read. bq = bigquery_tools.BigQueryWrapper() if self.table_reference is not None: return self._get_table_size(bq, self.table_reference) elif self.query is not None and self.query.is_accessible(): query_job_name = bigquery_tools.generate_bq_job_name( self._job_name, self._source_uuid, bigquery_tools.BigQueryJobTypes.QUERY, '%s_%s' % (int(time.time()), random.randint(0, 1000))) job = bq._start_query_job( self._get_parent_project(), self.query.get(), self.use_legacy_sql, self.flatten_results, job_id=query_job_name, priority=self.query_priority, dry_run=True, kms_key=self.kms_key, job_labels=self._get_bq_metadata().add_additional_bq_job_labels( self.bigquery_job_labels)) size = int(job.statistics.totalBytesProcessed) return size else: # Size estimation is best effort. We return None as we have # no access to the query that we're running. return None def split(self, desired_bundle_size, start_position=None, stop_position=None): if self.split_result is None: bq = bigquery_tools.BigQueryWrapper( temp_table_ref=(self.temp_table if self.temp_table else None)) if self.query is not None: self._setup_temporary_dataset(bq) self.table_reference = self._execute_query(bq) requested_session = bq_storage.types.ReadSession() requested_session.table = 'projects/{}/datasets/{}/tables/{}'.format( self.table_reference.projectId, self.table_reference.datasetId, self.table_reference.tableId) if self.use_native_datetime: requested_session.data_format = bq_storage.types.DataFormat.ARROW requested_session.read_options\ .arrow_serialization_options.buffer_compression = \ bq_storage.types.ArrowSerializationOptions.CompressionCodec.LZ4_FRAME else: requested_session.data_format = bq_storage.types.DataFormat.AVRO if self.selected_fields is not None: requested_session.read_options.selected_fields = self.selected_fields if self.row_restriction is not None: requested_session.read_options.row_restriction = self.row_restriction storage_client = bq_storage.BigQueryReadClient() stream_count = 0 if desired_bundle_size > 0: table_size = self._get_table_size(bq, self.table_reference) stream_count = min( int(table_size / desired_bundle_size), _CustomBigQueryStorageSource.MAX_SPLIT_COUNT) stream_count = max( stream_count, _CustomBigQueryStorageSource.MIN_SPLIT_COUNT) parent = 'projects/{}'.format(self.table_reference.projectId) read_session = storage_client.create_read_session( parent=parent, read_session=requested_session, max_stream_count=stream_count) _LOGGER.info( 'Sent BigQuery Storage API CreateReadSession request: \n %s \n' 'Received response \n %s.', requested_session, read_session) self.split_result = [ _CustomBigQueryStorageStreamSource( stream.name, self.use_native_datetime) for stream in read_session.streams ] for source in self.split_result: yield SourceBundle( weight=1.0, source=source, start_position=None, stop_position=None) def get_range_tracker(self, start_position, stop_position): class NonePositionRangeTracker(RangeTracker): """A RangeTracker that always returns positions as None. Prevents the BigQuery Storage source from being read() before being split().""" def start_position(self): return None def stop_position(self): return None return NonePositionRangeTracker() def read(self, range_tracker): raise NotImplementedError( 'BigQuery storage source must be split before being read') class _CustomBigQueryStorageStreamSource(BoundedSource): """A source representing a single stream in a read session.""" def __init__( self, read_stream_name: str, use_native_datetime: Optional[bool] = True): self.read_stream_name = read_stream_name self.use_native_datetime = use_native_datetime def display_data(self): return { 'output_format': 'ARROW' if self.use_native_datetime else 'AVRO', 'read_stream': str(self.read_stream_name), 'use_native_datetime': str(self.use_native_datetime) } def estimate_size(self): # The size of stream source cannot be estimate due to server-side liquid # sharding. # TODO(https://github.com/apache/beam/issues/21126): Implement progress # reporting. return None def split(self, desired_bundle_size, start_position=None, stop_position=None): # A stream source can't be split without reading from it due to # server-side liquid sharding. A split will simply return the current source # for now. return SourceBundle( weight=1.0, source=_CustomBigQueryStorageStreamSource( self.read_stream_name, self.use_native_datetime), start_position=None, stop_position=None) def get_range_tracker(self, start_position, stop_position): # TODO(https://github.com/apache/beam/issues/21127): Implement dynamic work # rebalancing. assert start_position is None # Defaulting to the start of the stream. start_position = 0 # Since the streams are unsplittable we choose OFFSET_INFINITY as the # default end offset so that all data of the source gets read. stop_position = range_trackers.OffsetRangeTracker.OFFSET_INFINITY range_tracker = range_trackers.OffsetRangeTracker( start_position, stop_position) # Ensuring that all try_split() calls will be ignored by the Rangetracker. range_tracker = range_trackers.UnsplittableRangeTracker(range_tracker) return range_tracker def read(self, range_tracker): _LOGGER.info( "Started BigQuery Storage API read from stream %s.", self.read_stream_name) if self.use_native_datetime: return self.read_arrow() else: return self.read_avro() def read_arrow(self): storage_client = bq_storage.BigQueryReadClient() row_iter = iter(storage_client.read_rows(self.read_stream_name).rows()) row = next(row_iter, None) # Handling the case where the user might provide very selective filters # which can result in read_rows_response being empty. if row is None: return iter([]) while row is not None: py_row = dict(map(lambda item: (item[0], item[1].as_py()), row.items())) row = next(row_iter, None) yield py_row def read_avro(self): storage_client = bq_storage.BigQueryReadClient() read_rows_iterator = iter(storage_client.read_rows(self.read_stream_name)) # Handling the case where the user might provide very selective filters # which can result in read_rows_response being empty. first_read_rows_response = next(read_rows_iterator, None) if first_read_rows_response is None: return iter([]) row_reader = _ReadReadRowsResponsesWithFastAvro( read_rows_iterator, first_read_rows_response) return iter(row_reader) class _ReadReadRowsResponsesWithFastAvro(): """An iterator that deserializes ReadRowsResponses using the fastavro library.""" def __init__(self, read_rows_iterator, read_rows_response): self.read_rows_iterator = read_rows_iterator self.read_rows_response = read_rows_response self.avro_schema = fastavro.parse_schema( json.loads(self.read_rows_response.avro_schema.schema)) self.bytes_reader = io.BytesIO( self.read_rows_response.avro_rows.serialized_binary_rows) def __iter__(self): return self def __next__(self): try: return fastavro.schemaless_reader(self.bytes_reader, self.avro_schema) except StopIteration: self.read_rows_response = next(self.read_rows_iterator, None) if self.read_rows_response is not None: self.bytes_reader = io.BytesIO( self.read_rows_response.avro_rows.serialized_binary_rows) return fastavro.schemaless_reader(self.bytes_reader, self.avro_schema) else: raise StopIteration
[docs]@deprecated(since='2.11.0', current="WriteToBigQuery") def BigQuerySink(*args, validate=False, **kwargs): """A deprecated alias for WriteToBigQuery.""" warnings.warn( "Native sinks no longer implemented; " "falling back to standard Beam sink.") return WriteToBigQuery(*args, validate=validate, **kwargs)
_KNOWN_TABLES = set() class BigQueryWriteFn(DoFn): """A ``DoFn`` that streams writes to BigQuery once the table is created.""" DEFAULT_MAX_BUFFERED_ROWS = 2000 DEFAULT_MAX_BATCH_SIZE = 500 FAILED_ROWS = 'FailedRows' FAILED_ROWS_WITH_ERRORS = 'FailedRowsWithErrors' STREAMING_API_LOGGING_FREQUENCY_SEC = 300 def __init__( self, batch_size, schema=None, create_disposition=None, write_disposition=None, kms_key=None, test_client=None, max_buffered_rows=None, retry_strategy=None, additional_bq_parameters=None, ignore_insert_ids=False, with_batched_input=False, ignore_unknown_columns=False, max_retries=MAX_INSERT_RETRIES): """Initialize a WriteToBigQuery transform. Args: batch_size: Number of rows to be written to BQ per streaming API insert. schema: The schema to be used if the BigQuery table to write has to be created. This can be either specified as a 'bigquery.TableSchema' object or a single string of the form 'field1:type1,field2:type2,field3:type3' that defines a comma separated list of fields. Here 'type' should specify the BigQuery type of the field. Single string based schemas do not support nested fields, repeated fields, or specifying a BigQuery mode for fields (mode will always be set to 'NULLABLE'). create_disposition: A string describing what happens if the table does not exist. Possible values are: - BigQueryDisposition.CREATE_IF_NEEDED: create if does not exist. - BigQueryDisposition.CREATE_NEVER: fail the write if does not exist. write_disposition: A string describing what happens if the table has already some data. Possible values are: - BigQueryDisposition.WRITE_TRUNCATE: delete existing rows. - BigQueryDisposition.WRITE_APPEND: add to existing rows. - BigQueryDisposition.WRITE_EMPTY: fail the write if table not empty. For streaming pipelines WriteTruncate can not be used. kms_key: Optional Cloud KMS key name for use when creating new tables. test_client: Override the default bigquery client used for testing. max_buffered_rows: The maximum number of rows that are allowed to stay buffered when running dynamic destinations. When destinations are dynamic, it is important to keep caches small even when a single batch has not been completely filled up. retry_strategy: The strategy to use when retrying streaming inserts into BigQuery. Options are shown in bigquery_tools.RetryStrategy attrs. additional_bq_parameters (dict, callable): A set of additional parameters to be passed when creating a BigQuery table. These are passed when triggering a load job for FILE_LOADS, and when creating a new table for STREAMING_INSERTS. ignore_insert_ids: When using the STREAMING_INSERTS method to write data to BigQuery, `insert_ids` are a feature of BigQuery that support deduplication of events. If your use case is not sensitive to duplication of data inserted to BigQuery, set `ignore_insert_ids` to True to increase the throughput for BQ writing. See: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/streaming-data-into-bigquery#disabling_best_effort_de-duplication with_batched_input: Whether the input has already been batched per destination. If not, perform best-effort batching per destination within a bundle. ignore_unknown_columns: Accept rows that contain values that do not match the schema. The unknown values are ignored. Default is False, which treats unknown values as errors. See reference: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/rest/v2/tabledata/insertAll max_retries: The number of times that we will retry inserting a group of rows into BigQuery. By default, we retry 10000 times with exponential backoffs (effectively retry forever). """ self.schema = schema self.test_client = test_client self.create_disposition = create_disposition self.write_disposition = write_disposition if write_disposition in (BigQueryDisposition.WRITE_EMPTY, BigQueryDisposition.WRITE_TRUNCATE): raise ValueError( 'Write disposition %s is not supported for' ' streaming inserts to BigQuery' % write_disposition) self._rows_buffer = [] self._reset_rows_buffer() self._total_buffered_rows = 0 self.kms_key = kms_key self._max_batch_size = batch_size or BigQueryWriteFn.DEFAULT_MAX_BATCH_SIZE self._max_buffered_rows = ( max_buffered_rows or BigQueryWriteFn.DEFAULT_MAX_BUFFERED_ROWS) self._retry_strategy = retry_strategy or RetryStrategy.RETRY_ALWAYS self.ignore_insert_ids = ignore_insert_ids self.with_batched_input = with_batched_input self.additional_bq_parameters = additional_bq_parameters or {} # accumulate the total time spent in exponential backoff self._throttled_secs = Metrics.counter( BigQueryWriteFn, "cumulativeThrottlingSeconds") self.batch_size_metric = Metrics.distribution(self.__class__, "batch_size") self.batch_latency_metric = Metrics.distribution( self.__class__, "batch_latency_ms") self.failed_rows_metric = Metrics.distribution( self.__class__, "rows_failed_per_batch") self.bigquery_wrapper = None self.streaming_api_logging_frequency_sec = ( BigQueryWriteFn.STREAMING_API_LOGGING_FREQUENCY_SEC) self.ignore_unknown_columns = ignore_unknown_columns self._max_retries = max_retries def display_data(self): return { 'max_batch_size': self._max_batch_size, 'max_buffered_rows': self._max_buffered_rows, 'retry_strategy': self._retry_strategy, 'create_disposition': str(self.create_disposition), 'write_disposition': str(self.write_disposition), 'additional_bq_parameters': str(self.additional_bq_parameters), 'ignore_insert_ids': str(self.ignore_insert_ids), 'ignore_unknown_columns': str(self.ignore_unknown_columns) } def _reset_rows_buffer(self): self._rows_buffer = collections.defaultdict(lambda: []) @staticmethod def get_table_schema(schema): """Transform the table schema into a bigquery.TableSchema instance. Args: schema: The schema to be used if the BigQuery table to write has to be created. This is a dictionary object created in the WriteToBigQuery transform. Returns: table_schema: The schema to be used if the BigQuery table to write has to be created but in the bigquery.TableSchema format. """ if schema is None: return schema elif isinstance(schema, str): return bigquery_tools.parse_table_schema_from_json(schema) elif isinstance(schema, dict): return bigquery_tools.parse_table_schema_from_json(json.dumps(schema)) else: raise TypeError('Unexpected schema argument: %s.' % schema) def start_bundle(self): self._reset_rows_buffer() if not self.bigquery_wrapper: self.bigquery_wrapper = bigquery_tools.BigQueryWrapper( client=self.test_client) ( bigquery_tools.BigQueryWrapper.HISTOGRAM_METRIC_LOGGER. minimum_logging_frequency_msec ) = self.streaming_api_logging_frequency_sec * 1000 self._backoff_calculator = iter( retry.FuzzedExponentialIntervals( initial_delay_secs=0.2, num_retries=self._max_retries, max_delay_secs=1500)) def _create_table_if_needed(self, table_reference, schema=None): str_table_reference = '%s:%s.%s' % ( table_reference.projectId, table_reference.datasetId, table_reference.tableId) if str_table_reference in _KNOWN_TABLES: return if self.create_disposition == BigQueryDisposition.CREATE_NEVER: # If we never want to create the table, we assume it already exists, # and avoid the get-or-create step. return _LOGGER.debug( 'Creating or getting table %s with schema %s.', table_reference, schema) table_schema = self.get_table_schema(schema) if table_reference.projectId is None: table_reference.projectId = vp.RuntimeValueProvider.get_value( 'project', str, '') self.bigquery_wrapper.get_or_create_table( table_reference.projectId, table_reference.datasetId, table_reference.tableId, table_schema, self.create_disposition, self.write_disposition, additional_create_parameters=self.additional_bq_parameters) _KNOWN_TABLES.add(str_table_reference) def process(self, element, *schema_side_inputs): destination = bigquery_tools.get_hashable_destination(element[0]) if callable(self.schema): schema = self.schema(destination, *schema_side_inputs) elif isinstance(self.schema, vp.ValueProvider): schema = self.schema.get() else: schema = self.schema self._create_table_if_needed( bigquery_tools.parse_table_reference(destination), schema) if not self.with_batched_input: row_and_insert_id = element[1] self._rows_buffer[destination].append(row_and_insert_id) self._total_buffered_rows += 1 if len(self._rows_buffer[destination]) >= self._max_batch_size: return self._flush_batch(destination) elif self._total_buffered_rows >= self._max_buffered_rows: return self._flush_all_batches() else: # The input is already batched per destination, flush the rows now. batched_rows = element[1] self._rows_buffer[destination].extend(batched_rows) return self._flush_batch(destination) def finish_bundle(self): bigquery_tools.BigQueryWrapper.HISTOGRAM_METRIC_LOGGER.log_metrics( reset_after_logging=True) return self._flush_all_batches() def _flush_all_batches(self): _LOGGER.debug( 'Attempting to flush to all destinations. Total buffered: %s', self._total_buffered_rows) return itertools.chain( *[ self._flush_batch(destination) for destination in list(self._rows_buffer.keys()) if self._rows_buffer[destination] ]) def _flush_batch(self, destination): # Flush the current batch of rows to BigQuery. rows_and_insert_ids = self._rows_buffer[destination] table_reference = bigquery_tools.parse_table_reference(destination) if table_reference.projectId is None: table_reference.projectId = vp.RuntimeValueProvider.get_value( 'project', str, '') _LOGGER.debug( 'Flushing data to %s. Total %s rows.', destination, len(rows_and_insert_ids)) self.batch_size_metric.update(len(rows_and_insert_ids)) rows = [r[0] for r in rows_and_insert_ids] if self.ignore_insert_ids: insert_ids = [None for r in rows_and_insert_ids] else: insert_ids = [r[1] for r in rows_and_insert_ids] while True: start = time.time() passed, errors = self.bigquery_wrapper.insert_rows( project_id=table_reference.projectId, dataset_id=table_reference.datasetId, table_id=table_reference.tableId, rows=rows, insert_ids=insert_ids, skip_invalid_rows=True, ignore_unknown_values=self.ignore_unknown_columns) self.batch_latency_metric.update((time.time() - start) * 1000) failed_rows = [(rows[entry['index']], entry["errors"]) for entry in errors] retry_backoff = next(self._backoff_calculator, None) # If retry_backoff is None, then we will not retry and must log. should_retry = any( RetryStrategy.should_retry( self._retry_strategy, entry['errors'][0]['reason']) for entry in errors) and retry_backoff is not None if not passed: self.failed_rows_metric.update(len(failed_rows)) message = ( 'There were errors inserting to BigQuery. Will{} retry. ' 'Errors were {}'.format(("" if should_retry else " not"), errors)) # The log level is: # - WARNING when we are continuing to retry, and have a deadline. # - ERROR when we will no longer retry, or MAY retry forever. log_level = ( logging.WARN if should_retry or self._retry_strategy != RetryStrategy.RETRY_ALWAYS else logging.ERROR) _LOGGER.log(log_level, message) if not should_retry: break else: _LOGGER.info( 'Sleeping %s seconds before retrying insertion.', retry_backoff) time.sleep(retry_backoff) rows = [fr[0] for fr in failed_rows] self._throttled_secs.inc(retry_backoff) self._total_buffered_rows -= len(self._rows_buffer[destination]) del self._rows_buffer[destination] return itertools.chain([ pvalue.TaggedOutput( BigQueryWriteFn.FAILED_ROWS_WITH_ERRORS, GlobalWindows.windowed_value((destination, row, err))) for row, err in failed_rows ], [ pvalue.TaggedOutput( BigQueryWriteFn.FAILED_ROWS, GlobalWindows.windowed_value( (destination, row))) for row, unused_err in failed_rows ]) # The number of shards per destination when writing via streaming inserts. DEFAULT_SHARDS_PER_DESTINATION = 500 # The max duration a batch of elements is allowed to be buffered before being # flushed to BigQuery. DEFAULT_BATCH_BUFFERING_DURATION_LIMIT_SEC = 0.2 class _StreamToBigQuery(PTransform): def __init__( self, table_reference, table_side_inputs, schema_side_inputs, schema, batch_size, triggering_frequency, create_disposition, write_disposition, kms_key, retry_strategy, additional_bq_parameters, ignore_insert_ids, ignore_unknown_columns, with_auto_sharding, test_client=None, max_retries=None): self.table_reference = table_reference self.table_side_inputs = table_side_inputs self.schema_side_inputs = schema_side_inputs self.schema = schema self.batch_size = batch_size self.triggering_frequency = triggering_frequency self.create_disposition = create_disposition self.write_disposition = write_disposition self.kms_key = kms_key self.retry_strategy = retry_strategy self.test_client = test_client self.additional_bq_parameters = additional_bq_parameters self.ignore_insert_ids = ignore_insert_ids self.ignore_unknown_columns = ignore_unknown_columns self.with_auto_sharding = with_auto_sharding self.max_retries = max_retries or MAX_INSERT_RETRIES class InsertIdPrefixFn(DoFn): def start_bundle(self): self.prefix = str(uuid.uuid4()) self._row_count = 0 def process(self, element): key = element[0] value = element[1] insert_id = '%s-%s' % (self.prefix, self._row_count) self._row_count += 1 yield (key, (value, insert_id)) def expand(self, input): bigquery_write_fn = BigQueryWriteFn( schema=self.schema, batch_size=self.batch_size, create_disposition=self.create_disposition, write_disposition=self.write_disposition, kms_key=self.kms_key, retry_strategy=self.retry_strategy, test_client=self.test_client, additional_bq_parameters=self.additional_bq_parameters, ignore_insert_ids=self.ignore_insert_ids, ignore_unknown_columns=self.ignore_unknown_columns, with_batched_input=self.with_auto_sharding, max_retries=self.max_retries) def _add_random_shard(element): key = element[0] value = element[1] return ((key, random.randint(0, DEFAULT_SHARDS_PER_DESTINATION)), value) def _restore_table_ref(sharded_table_ref_elems_kv): sharded_table_ref = sharded_table_ref_elems_kv[0] table_ref = bigquery_tools.parse_table_reference(sharded_table_ref) return (table_ref, sharded_table_ref_elems_kv[1]) tagged_data = ( input | 'AppendDestination' >> beam.ParDo( bigquery_tools.AppendDestinationsFn(self.table_reference), *self.table_side_inputs) | 'AddInsertIds' >> beam.ParDo(_StreamToBigQuery.InsertIdPrefixFn()) | 'ToHashableTableRef' >> beam.Map(bigquery_tools.to_hashable_table_ref)) if not self.with_auto_sharding: tagged_data = ( tagged_data | 'WithFixedSharding' >> beam.Map(_add_random_shard) | 'CommitInsertIds' >> ReshufflePerKey() | 'DropShard' >> beam.Map(lambda kv: (kv[0][0], kv[1]))) else: # Auto-sharding is achieved via GroupIntoBatches.WithShardedKey # transform which shards, groups and at the same time batches the table # rows to be inserted to BigQuery. # Firstly the keys of tagged_data (table references) are converted to a # hashable format. This is needed to work with the keyed states used by # GroupIntoBatches. After grouping and batching is done, original table # references are restored. tagged_data = ( tagged_data | 'WithAutoSharding' >> beam.GroupIntoBatches.WithShardedKey( (self.batch_size or BigQueryWriteFn.DEFAULT_MAX_BUFFERED_ROWS), self.triggering_frequency or DEFAULT_BATCH_BUFFERING_DURATION_LIMIT_SEC) | 'DropShard' >> beam.Map(lambda kv: (kv[0].key, kv[1]))) return ( tagged_data | 'FromHashableTableRef' >> beam.Map(_restore_table_ref) | 'StreamInsertRows' >> ParDo( bigquery_write_fn, *self.schema_side_inputs).with_outputs( BigQueryWriteFn.FAILED_ROWS, BigQueryWriteFn.FAILED_ROWS_WITH_ERRORS, main='main')) # Flag to be passed to WriteToBigQuery to force schema autodetection SCHEMA_AUTODETECT = 'SCHEMA_AUTODETECT'
[docs]class WriteToBigQuery(PTransform): """Write data to BigQuery. This transform receives a PCollection of elements to be inserted into BigQuery tables. The elements would come in as Python dictionaries, or as `TableRow` instances. """
[docs] class Method(object): DEFAULT = 'DEFAULT' STREAMING_INSERTS = 'STREAMING_INSERTS' FILE_LOADS = 'FILE_LOADS'
def __init__( self, table, dataset=None, project=None, schema=None, create_disposition=BigQueryDisposition.CREATE_IF_NEEDED, write_disposition=BigQueryDisposition.WRITE_APPEND, kms_key=None, batch_size=None, max_file_size=None, max_files_per_bundle=None, test_client=None, custom_gcs_temp_location=None, method=None, insert_retry_strategy=None, additional_bq_parameters=None, table_side_inputs=None, schema_side_inputs=None, triggering_frequency=None, validate=True, temp_file_format=None, ignore_insert_ids=False, # TODO(https://github.com/apache/beam/issues/20712): Switch the default # when the feature is mature. with_auto_sharding=False, ignore_unknown_columns=False, load_job_project_id=None): """Initialize a WriteToBigQuery transform. Args: table (str, callable, ValueProvider): The ID of the table, or a callable that returns it. The ID must contain only letters ``a-z``, ``A-Z``, numbers ``0-9``, or connectors ``-_``. If dataset argument is :data:`None` then the table argument must contain the entire table reference specified as: ``'DATASET.TABLE'`` or ``'PROJECT:DATASET.TABLE'``. If it's a callable, it must receive one argument representing an element to be written to BigQuery, and return a TableReference, or a string table name as specified above. dataset (str): The ID of the dataset containing this table or :data:`None` if the table reference is specified entirely by the table argument. project (str): The ID of the project containing this table or :data:`None` if the table reference is specified entirely by the table argument. schema (str,dict,ValueProvider,callable): The schema to be used if the BigQuery table to write has to be created. This can be either specified as a :class:`~apache_beam.io.gcp.internal.clients.bigquery.\ bigquery_v2_messages.TableSchema`. or a `ValueProvider` that has a JSON string, or a python dictionary, or the string or dictionary itself, object or a single string of the form ``'field1:type1,field2:type2,field3:type3'`` that defines a comma separated list of fields. Here ``'type'`` should specify the BigQuery type of the field. Single string based schemas do not support nested fields, repeated fields, or specifying a BigQuery mode for fields (mode will always be set to ``'NULLABLE'``). If a callable, then it should receive a destination (in the form of a str, and return a str, dict or TableSchema). One may also pass ``SCHEMA_AUTODETECT`` here when using JSON-based file loads, and BigQuery will try to infer the schema for the files that are being loaded. create_disposition (BigQueryDisposition): A string describing what happens if the table does not exist. Possible values are: * :attr:`BigQueryDisposition.CREATE_IF_NEEDED`: create if does not exist. * :attr:`BigQueryDisposition.CREATE_NEVER`: fail the write if does not exist. write_disposition (BigQueryDisposition): A string describing what happens if the table has already some data. Possible values are: * :attr:`BigQueryDisposition.WRITE_TRUNCATE`: delete existing rows. * :attr:`BigQueryDisposition.WRITE_APPEND`: add to existing rows. * :attr:`BigQueryDisposition.WRITE_EMPTY`: fail the write if table not empty. For streaming pipelines WriteTruncate can not be used. kms_key (str): Optional Cloud KMS key name for use when creating new tables. batch_size (int): Number of rows to be written to BQ per streaming API insert. The default is 500. test_client: Override the default bigquery client used for testing. max_file_size (int): The maximum size for a file to be written and then loaded into BigQuery. The default value is 4TB, which is 80% of the limit of 5TB for BigQuery to load any file. max_files_per_bundle(int): The maximum number of files to be concurrently written by a worker. The default here is 20. Larger values will allow writing to multiple destinations without having to reshard - but they increase the memory burden on the workers. custom_gcs_temp_location (str): A GCS location to store files to be used for file loads into BigQuery. By default, this will use the pipeline's temp_location, but for pipelines whose temp_location is not appropriate for BQ File Loads, users should pass a specific one. method: The method to use to write to BigQuery. It may be STREAMING_INSERTS, FILE_LOADS, or DEFAULT. An introduction on loading data to BigQuery: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/loading-data. DEFAULT will use STREAMING_INSERTS on Streaming pipelines and FILE_LOADS on Batch pipelines. Note: FILE_LOADS currently does not support BigQuery's JSON data type: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/data-types#json_type"> insert_retry_strategy: The strategy to use when retrying streaming inserts into BigQuery. Options are shown in bigquery_tools.RetryStrategy attrs. Default is to retry always. This means that whenever there are rows that fail to be inserted to BigQuery, they will be retried indefinitely. Other retry strategy settings will produce a deadletter PCollection as output. Appropriate values are: * `RetryStrategy.RETRY_ALWAYS`: retry all rows if there are any kind of errors. Note that this will hold your pipeline back if there are errors until you cancel or update it. * `RetryStrategy.RETRY_NEVER`: rows with errors will not be retried. Instead they will be output to a dead letter queue under the `'FailedRows'` tag. * `RetryStrategy.RETRY_ON_TRANSIENT_ERROR`: retry rows with transient errors (e.g. timeouts). Rows with permanent errors will be output to dead letter queue under `'FailedRows'` tag. additional_bq_parameters (dict, callable): Additional parameters to pass to BQ when creating / loading data into a table. If a callable, it should be a function that receives a table reference indicating the destination and returns a dictionary. These can be 'timePartitioning', 'clustering', etc. They are passed directly to the job load configuration. See https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/rest/v2/Job#jobconfigurationload table_side_inputs (tuple): A tuple with ``AsSideInput`` PCollections to be passed to the table callable (if one is provided). schema_side_inputs: A tuple with ``AsSideInput`` PCollections to be passed to the schema callable (if one is provided). triggering_frequency (float): When method is FILE_LOADS: Value will be converted to int. Every triggering_frequency seconds, a BigQuery load job will be triggered for all the data written since the last load job. BigQuery has limits on how many load jobs can be triggered per day, so be careful not to set this duration too low, or you may exceed daily quota. Often this is set to 5 or 10 minutes to ensure that the project stays well under the BigQuery quota. See https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/quota-policy for more information about BigQuery quotas. When method is STREAMING_INSERTS and with_auto_sharding=True: A streaming inserts batch will be submitted at least every triggering_frequency seconds when data is waiting. The batch can be sent earlier if it reaches the maximum batch size set by batch_size. Default value is 0.2 seconds. validate: Indicates whether to perform validation checks on inputs. This parameter is primarily used for testing. temp_file_format: The format to use for file loads into BigQuery. The options are NEWLINE_DELIMITED_JSON or AVRO, with NEWLINE_DELIMITED_JSON being used by default. For advantages and limitations of the two formats, see https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/loading-data-cloud-storage-avro and https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/loading-data-cloud-storage-json. ignore_insert_ids: When using the STREAMING_INSERTS method to write data to BigQuery, `insert_ids` are a feature of BigQuery that support deduplication of events. If your use case is not sensitive to duplication of data inserted to BigQuery, set `ignore_insert_ids` to True to increase the throughput for BQ writing. See: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/streaming-data-into-bigquery#disabling_best_effort_de-duplication with_auto_sharding: Experimental. If true, enables using a dynamically determined number of shards to write to BigQuery. This can be used for both FILE_LOADS and STREAMING_INSERTS. Only applicable to unbounded input. ignore_unknown_columns: Accept rows that contain values that do not match the schema. The unknown values are ignored. Default is False, which treats unknown values as errors. This option is only valid for method=STREAMING_INSERTS. See reference: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/rest/v2/tabledata/insertAll load_job_project_id: Specifies an alternate GCP project id to use for billingBatch File Loads. By default, the project id of the table is used. """ self._table = table self._dataset = dataset self._project = project self.table_reference = bigquery_tools.parse_table_reference( table, dataset, project) self.create_disposition = BigQueryDisposition.validate_create( create_disposition) self.write_disposition = BigQueryDisposition.validate_write( write_disposition) if schema == SCHEMA_AUTODETECT: self.schema = schema else: self.schema = bigquery_tools.get_dict_table_schema(schema) self.batch_size = batch_size self.kms_key = kms_key self.test_client = test_client # TODO(pabloem): Consider handling ValueProvider for this location. self.custom_gcs_temp_location = custom_gcs_temp_location self.max_file_size = max_file_size self.max_files_per_bundle = max_files_per_bundle self.method = method or WriteToBigQuery.Method.DEFAULT self.triggering_frequency = triggering_frequency self.with_auto_sharding = with_auto_sharding self.insert_retry_strategy = insert_retry_strategy self._validate = validate self._temp_file_format = temp_file_format or bigquery_tools.FileFormat.JSON self.additional_bq_parameters = additional_bq_parameters or {} self.table_side_inputs = table_side_inputs or () self.schema_side_inputs = schema_side_inputs or () self._ignore_insert_ids = ignore_insert_ids self._ignore_unknown_columns = ignore_unknown_columns self.load_job_project_id = load_job_project_id # Dict/schema methods were moved to bigquery_tools, but keep references # here for backward compatibility. get_table_schema_from_string = \ staticmethod(bigquery_tools.get_table_schema_from_string) table_schema_to_dict = staticmethod(bigquery_tools.table_schema_to_dict) get_dict_table_schema = staticmethod(bigquery_tools.get_dict_table_schema) def _compute_method(self, experiments, is_streaming_pipeline): # If the new BQ sink is not activated for experiment flags, then we use # streaming inserts by default (it gets overridden in dataflow_runner.py). if self.method == self.Method.DEFAULT and is_streaming_pipeline: return self.Method.STREAMING_INSERTS elif self.method == self.Method.DEFAULT and not is_streaming_pipeline: return self.Method.FILE_LOADS else: return self.method
[docs] def expand(self, pcoll): p = pcoll.pipeline if (isinstance(self.table_reference, TableReference) and self.table_reference.projectId is None): self.table_reference.projectId = pcoll.pipeline.options.view_as( GoogleCloudOptions).project # TODO(pabloem): Use a different method to determine if streaming or batch. is_streaming_pipeline = p.options.view_as(StandardOptions).streaming if not is_streaming_pipeline and self.with_auto_sharding: raise ValueError( 'with_auto_sharding is not applicable to batch pipelines.') experiments = p.options.view_as(DebugOptions).experiments or [] method_to_use = self._compute_method(experiments, is_streaming_pipeline) if method_to_use == WriteToBigQuery.Method.STREAMING_INSERTS: if self.schema == SCHEMA_AUTODETECT: raise ValueError( 'Schema auto-detection is not supported for streaming ' 'inserts into BigQuery. Only for File Loads.') if self.triggering_frequency is not None and not self.with_auto_sharding: raise ValueError( 'triggering_frequency with STREAMING_INSERTS can only be used with ' 'with_auto_sharding=True.') outputs = pcoll | _StreamToBigQuery( table_reference=self.table_reference, table_side_inputs=self.table_side_inputs, schema_side_inputs=self.schema_side_inputs, schema=self.schema, batch_size=self.batch_size, triggering_frequency=self.triggering_frequency, create_disposition=self.create_disposition, write_disposition=self.write_disposition, kms_key=self.kms_key, retry_strategy=self.insert_retry_strategy, additional_bq_parameters=self.additional_bq_parameters, ignore_insert_ids=self._ignore_insert_ids, ignore_unknown_columns=self._ignore_unknown_columns, with_auto_sharding=self.with_auto_sharding, test_client=self.test_client) return WriteResult( method=WriteToBigQuery.Method.STREAMING_INSERTS, failed_rows=outputs[BigQueryWriteFn.FAILED_ROWS], failed_rows_with_errors=outputs[ BigQueryWriteFn.FAILED_ROWS_WITH_ERRORS]) else: if self._temp_file_format == bigquery_tools.FileFormat.AVRO: if self.schema == SCHEMA_AUTODETECT: raise ValueError( 'Schema auto-detection is not supported when using Avro based ' 'file loads into BigQuery. Please specify a schema or set ' 'temp_file_format="NEWLINE_DELIMITED_JSON"') if self.schema is None: raise ValueError( 'A schema must be provided when writing to BigQuery using ' 'Avro based file loads') if self.schema and type(self.schema) is dict: def find_in_nested_dict(schema): for field in schema['fields']: if field['type'] == 'JSON': raise ValueError( 'Found JSON type in table schema. JSON data ' 'insertion is currently not supported with ' 'FILE_LOADS write method. This is supported with ' 'STREAMING_INSERTS. For more information: ' 'https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/' 'standard-sql/json-data#ingest_json_data') elif field['type'] == 'STRUCT': find_in_nested_dict(field) find_in_nested_dict(self.schema) from apache_beam.io.gcp.bigquery_file_loads import BigQueryBatchFileLoads # Only cast to int when a value is given. # We only use an int for BigQueryBatchFileLoads if self.triggering_frequency is not None: triggering_frequency = int(self.triggering_frequency) else: triggering_frequency = self.triggering_frequency output = pcoll | BigQueryBatchFileLoads( destination=self.table_reference, schema=self.schema, project=self._project, create_disposition=self.create_disposition, write_disposition=self.write_disposition, triggering_frequency=triggering_frequency, with_auto_sharding=self.with_auto_sharding, temp_file_format=self._temp_file_format, max_file_size=self.max_file_size, max_files_per_bundle=self.max_files_per_bundle, custom_gcs_temp_location=self.custom_gcs_temp_location, test_client=self.test_client, table_side_inputs=self.table_side_inputs, schema_side_inputs=self.schema_side_inputs, additional_bq_parameters=self.additional_bq_parameters, validate=self._validate, is_streaming_pipeline=is_streaming_pipeline, load_job_project_id=self.load_job_project_id) return WriteResult( method=WriteToBigQuery.Method.FILE_LOADS, destination_load_jobid_pairs=output[ BigQueryBatchFileLoads.DESTINATION_JOBID_PAIRS], destination_file_pairs=output[ BigQueryBatchFileLoads.DESTINATION_FILE_PAIRS], destination_copy_jobid_pairs=output[ BigQueryBatchFileLoads.DESTINATION_COPY_JOBID_PAIRS])
[docs] def display_data(self): res = {} if self.table_reference is not None and isinstance(self.table_reference, TableReference): tableSpec = '{}.{}'.format( self.table_reference.datasetId, self.table_reference.tableId) if self.table_reference.projectId is not None: tableSpec = '{}:{}'.format(self.table_reference.projectId, tableSpec) res['table'] = DisplayDataItem(tableSpec, label='Table') res['validation'] = DisplayDataItem( self._validate, label="Validation Enabled") return res
[docs] def to_runner_api_parameter(self, context): from apache_beam.internal import pickler # It'd be nice to name these according to their actual # names/positions in the orignal argument list, but such a # transformation is currently irreversible given how # remove_objects_from_args and insert_values_in_args # are currently implemented. def serialize(side_inputs): return {(SIDE_INPUT_PREFIX + '%s') % ix: si.to_runner_api(context).SerializeToString() for ix, si in enumerate(side_inputs)} table_side_inputs = serialize(self.table_side_inputs) schema_side_inputs = serialize(self.schema_side_inputs) config = { 'table': self._table, 'dataset': self._dataset, 'project': self._project, 'schema': self.schema, 'create_disposition': self.create_disposition, 'write_disposition': self.write_disposition, 'kms_key': self.kms_key, 'batch_size': self.batch_size, 'max_file_size': self.max_file_size, 'max_files_per_bundle': self.max_files_per_bundle, 'custom_gcs_temp_location': self.custom_gcs_temp_location, 'method': self.method, 'insert_retry_strategy': self.insert_retry_strategy, 'additional_bq_parameters': self.additional_bq_parameters, 'table_side_inputs': table_side_inputs, 'schema_side_inputs': schema_side_inputs, 'triggering_frequency': self.triggering_frequency, 'validate': self._validate, 'temp_file_format': self._temp_file_format, 'ignore_insert_ids': self._ignore_insert_ids, 'with_auto_sharding': self.with_auto_sharding, } return 'beam:transform:write_to_big_query:v0', pickler.dumps(config)
[docs] @PTransform.register_urn('beam:transform:write_to_big_query:v0', bytes) def from_runner_api(unused_ptransform, payload, context): from apache_beam.internal import pickler from apache_beam.portability.api import beam_runner_api_pb2 config = pickler.loads(payload) def deserialize(side_inputs): deserialized_side_inputs = {} for k, v in side_inputs.items(): side_input = beam_runner_api_pb2.SideInput() side_input.ParseFromString(v) deserialized_side_inputs[k] = side_input # This is an ordered list stored as a dict (see the comments in # to_runner_api_parameter above). indexed_side_inputs = [( get_sideinput_index(tag), pvalue.AsSideInput.from_runner_api(si, context)) for tag, si in deserialized_side_inputs.items()] return [si for _, si in sorted(indexed_side_inputs)] config['table_side_inputs'] = deserialize(config['table_side_inputs']) config['schema_side_inputs'] = deserialize(config['schema_side_inputs']) return WriteToBigQuery(**config)
[docs]class WriteResult: """The result of a WriteToBigQuery transform. """ def __init__( self, method: WriteToBigQuery.Method = None, destination_load_jobid_pairs: PCollection[Tuple[str, JobReference]] = None, destination_file_pairs: PCollection[Tuple[str, Tuple[str, int]]] = None, destination_copy_jobid_pairs: PCollection[Tuple[str, JobReference]] = None, failed_rows: PCollection[Tuple[str, dict]] = None, failed_rows_with_errors: PCollection[Tuple[str, dict, list]] = None): self._method = method self._destination_load_jobid_pairs = destination_load_jobid_pairs self._destination_file_pairs = destination_file_pairs self._destination_copy_jobid_pairs = destination_copy_jobid_pairs self._failed_rows = failed_rows self._failed_rows_with_errors = failed_rows_with_errors from apache_beam.io.gcp.bigquery_file_loads import BigQueryBatchFileLoads self.attributes = { BigQueryWriteFn.FAILED_ROWS: WriteResult.failed_rows, BigQueryWriteFn.FAILED_ROWS_WITH_ERRORS: WriteResult. failed_rows_with_errors, BigQueryBatchFileLoads.DESTINATION_JOBID_PAIRS: WriteResult. destination_load_jobid_pairs, BigQueryBatchFileLoads.DESTINATION_FILE_PAIRS: WriteResult. destination_file_pairs, BigQueryBatchFileLoads.DESTINATION_COPY_JOBID_PAIRS: WriteResult. destination_copy_jobid_pairs, }
[docs] def validate(self, method, attribute): if self._method != method: raise AttributeError( f'Cannot get {attribute} because it is not produced ' f'by the {self._method} write method. Note: only ' f'{method} produces this attribute.')
@property def destination_load_jobid_pairs( self) -> PCollection[Tuple[str, JobReference]]: """A ``FILE_LOADS`` method attribute Returns: A PCollection of the table destinations that were successfully loaded to using the batch load API, along with the load job IDs. Raises: AttributeError: if accessed with a write method besides ``FILE_LOADS``.""" self.validate(WriteToBigQuery.Method.FILE_LOADS, 'DESTINATION_JOBID_PAIRS') return self._destination_load_jobid_pairs @property def destination_file_pairs(self) -> PCollection[Tuple[str, Tuple[str, int]]]: """A ``FILE_LOADS`` method attribute Returns: A PCollection of the table destinations along with the temp files used as sources to load from. Raises: AttributeError: if accessed with a write method besides ``FILE_LOADS``.""" self.validate(WriteToBigQuery.Method.FILE_LOADS, 'DESTINATION_FILE_PAIRS') return self._destination_file_pairs @property def destination_copy_jobid_pairs( self) -> PCollection[Tuple[str, JobReference]]: """A ``FILE_LOADS`` method attribute Returns: A PCollection of the table destinations that were successfully copied to, along with the copy job ID. Raises: AttributeError: if accessed with a write method besides ``FILE_LOADS``.""" self.validate( WriteToBigQuery.Method.FILE_LOADS, 'DESTINATION_COPY_JOBID_PAIRS') return self._destination_copy_jobid_pairs @property def failed_rows(self) -> PCollection[Tuple[str, dict]]: """A ``STREAMING_INSERTS`` method attribute Returns: A PCollection of rows that failed when inserting to BigQuery. Raises: AttributeError: if accessed with a write method besides ``STREAMING_INSERTS``.""" self.validate(WriteToBigQuery.Method.STREAMING_INSERTS, 'FAILED_ROWS') return self._failed_rows @property def failed_rows_with_errors(self) -> PCollection[Tuple[str, dict, list]]: """A ``STREAMING_INSERTS`` method attribute Returns: A PCollection of rows that failed when inserting to BigQuery, along with their errors. Raises: AttributeError: if accessed with a write method besides ``STREAMING_INSERTS``.""" self.validate( WriteToBigQuery.Method.STREAMING_INSERTS, 'FAILED_ROWS_WITH_ERRORS') return self._failed_rows_with_errors def __getitem__(self, key): if key not in self.attributes: raise AttributeError( f'Error trying to access nonexistent attribute `{key}` in write ' 'result. Please see __documentation__ for available attributes.') return self.attributes[key].__get__(self, WriteResult)
[docs]class ReadFromBigQuery(PTransform): """Read data from BigQuery. This PTransform uses a BigQuery export job to take a snapshot of the table on GCS, and then reads from each produced file. File format is Avro by default. Args: method: The method to use to read from BigQuery. It may be EXPORT or DIRECT_READ. EXPORT invokes a BigQuery export request (https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/exporting-data). DIRECT_READ reads directly from BigQuery storage using the BigQuery Read API (https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/storage). If unspecified, the default is currently EXPORT. use_native_datetime (bool): By default this transform exports BigQuery DATETIME fields as formatted strings (for example: 2021-01-01T12:59:59). If :data:`True`, BigQuery DATETIME fields will be returned as native Python datetime objects. This can only be used when 'method' is 'DIRECT_READ'. table (str, callable, ValueProvider): The ID of the table, or a callable that returns it. If dataset argument is :data:`None` then the table argument must contain the entire table reference specified as: ``'DATASET.TABLE'`` or ``'PROJECT:DATASET.TABLE'``. If it's a callable, it must receive one argument representing an element to be written to BigQuery, and return a TableReference, or a string table name as specified above. dataset (str): The ID of the dataset containing this table or :data:`None` if the table reference is specified entirely by the table argument. project (str): The ID of the project containing this table. query (str, ValueProvider): A query to be used instead of arguments table, dataset, and project. validate (bool): If :data:`True`, various checks will be done when source gets initialized (e.g., is table present?). This should be :data:`True` for most scenarios in order to catch errors as early as possible (pipeline construction instead of pipeline execution). It should be :data:`False` if the table is created during pipeline execution by a previous step. coder (~apache_beam.coders.coders.Coder): The coder for the table rows. If :data:`None`, then the default coder is _JsonToDictCoder, which will interpret every row as a JSON serialized dictionary. use_standard_sql (bool): Specifies whether to use BigQuery's standard SQL dialect for this query. The default value is :data:`False`. If set to :data:`True`, the query will use BigQuery's updated SQL dialect with improved standards compliance. This parameter is ignored for table inputs. flatten_results (bool): Flattens all nested and repeated fields in the query results. The default value is :data:`True`. kms_key (str): Optional Cloud KMS key name for use when creating new temporary tables. gcs_location (str, ValueProvider): The name of the Google Cloud Storage bucket where the extracted table should be written as a string or a :class:`~apache_beam.options.value_provider.ValueProvider`. If :data:`None`, then the temp_location parameter is used. bigquery_job_labels (dict): A dictionary with string labels to be passed to BigQuery export and query jobs created by this transform. See: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/rest/v2/\ Job#JobConfiguration use_json_exports (bool): By default, this transform works by exporting BigQuery data into Avro files, and reading those files. With this parameter, the transform will instead export to JSON files. JSON files are slower to read due to their larger size. When using JSON exports, the BigQuery types for DATE, DATETIME, TIME, and TIMESTAMP will be exported as strings. This behavior is consistent with BigQuerySource. When using Avro exports, these fields will be exported as native Python types (datetime.date, datetime.datetime, datetime.datetime, and datetime.datetime respectively). Avro exports are recommended. To learn more about BigQuery types, and Time-related type representations, see: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/\ standard-sql/data-types To learn more about type conversions between BigQuery and Avro, see: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/loading-data-cloud-storage-avro\ #avro_conversions temp_dataset (``apache_beam.io.gcp.internal.clients.bigquery.\ DatasetReference``): Temporary dataset reference to use when reading from BigQuery using a query. When reading using a query, BigQuery source will create a temporary dataset and a temporary table to store the results of the query. With this option, you can set an existing dataset to create the temporary table in. BigQuery source will create a temporary table in that dataset, and will remove it once it is not needed. Job needs access to create and delete tables within the given dataset. Dataset name should *not* start with the reserved prefix `beam_temp_dataset_`. query_priority (BigQueryQueryPriority): By default, this transform runs queries with BATCH priority. Use :attr:`BigQueryQueryPriority.INTERACTIVE` to run queries with INTERACTIVE priority. This option is ignored when reading from a table rather than a query. To learn more about query priority, see: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/running-queries output_type (str): By default, this source yields Python dictionaries (`PYTHON_DICT`). There is experimental support for producing a PCollection with a schema and yielding Beam Rows via the option `BEAM_ROW`. For more information on schemas, see https://beam.apache.org/documentation/programming-guide/\ #what-is-a-schema) """
[docs] class Method(object): EXPORT = 'EXPORT' # This is currently the default. DIRECT_READ = 'DIRECT_READ'
COUNTER = 0 def __init__( self, gcs_location=None, method=None, use_native_datetime=False, output_type=None, *args, **kwargs): self.method = method or ReadFromBigQuery.Method.EXPORT self.use_native_datetime = use_native_datetime self.output_type = output_type self._args = args self._kwargs = kwargs if self.method is ReadFromBigQuery.Method.EXPORT \ and self.use_native_datetime is True: raise TypeError( 'The "use_native_datetime" parameter cannot be True for EXPORT.' ' Please set the "use_native_datetime" parameter to False *OR*' ' set the "method" parameter to ReadFromBigQuery.Method.DIRECT_READ.') if gcs_location and self.method is ReadFromBigQuery.Method.EXPORT: if not isinstance(gcs_location, (str, ValueProvider)): raise TypeError( '%s: gcs_location must be of type string' ' or ValueProvider; got %r instead' % (self.__class__.__name__, type(gcs_location))) if isinstance(gcs_location, str): gcs_location = StaticValueProvider(str, gcs_location) if self.output_type == 'BEAM_ROW' and self._kwargs.get('query', None) is not None: raise ValueError( "Both a query and an output type of 'BEAM_ROW' were specified. " "'BEAM_ROW' is not currently supported with queries.") self.gcs_location = gcs_location self.bigquery_dataset_labels = { 'type': 'bq_direct_read_' + str(uuid.uuid4())[0:10] }
[docs] def expand(self, pcoll): if self.method is ReadFromBigQuery.Method.EXPORT: output_pcollection = self._expand_export(pcoll) elif self.method is ReadFromBigQuery.Method.DIRECT_READ: output_pcollection = self._expand_direct_read(pcoll) else: raise ValueError( 'The method to read from BigQuery must be either EXPORT' 'or DIRECT_READ.') return self._expand_output_type(output_pcollection)
def _expand_output_type(self, output_pcollection): if self.output_type == 'PYTHON_DICT' or self.output_type is None: return output_pcollection elif self.output_type == 'BEAM_ROW': table_details = bigquery_tools.parse_table_reference( table=self._kwargs.get("table", None), dataset=self._kwargs.get("dataset", None), project=self._kwargs.get("project", None)) if isinstance(self._kwargs['table'], ValueProvider): raise TypeError( '%s: table must be of type string' '; got ValueProvider instead' % self.__class__.__name__) elif callable(self._kwargs['table']): raise TypeError( '%s: table must be of type string' '; got a callable instead' % self.__class__.__name__) return output_pcollection | bigquery_schema_tools.\ convert_to_usertype( bigquery_tools.BigQueryWrapper().get_table( project_id=table_details.projectId, dataset_id=table_details.datasetId, table_id=table_details.tableId).schema) def _expand_export(self, pcoll): # TODO(https://github.com/apache/beam/issues/20683): Make ReadFromBQ rely # on ReadAllFromBQ implementation. temp_location = pcoll.pipeline.options.view_as( GoogleCloudOptions).temp_location job_name = pcoll.pipeline.options.view_as(GoogleCloudOptions).job_name gcs_location_vp = self.gcs_location unique_id = str(uuid.uuid4())[0:10] def file_path_to_remove(unused_elm): gcs_location = bigquery_export_destination_uri( gcs_location_vp, temp_location, unique_id, True) return gcs_location + '/' files_to_remove_pcoll = beam.pvalue.AsList( pcoll.pipeline | 'FilesToRemoveImpulse' >> beam.Create([None]) | 'MapFilesToRemove' >> beam.Map(file_path_to_remove)) try: step_name = self.label except AttributeError: step_name = 'ReadFromBigQuery_%d' % ReadFromBigQuery.COUNTER ReadFromBigQuery.COUNTER += 1 return ( pcoll | beam.io.Read( _CustomBigQuerySource( gcs_location=self.gcs_location, pipeline_options=pcoll.pipeline.options, method=self.method, job_name=job_name, step_name=step_name, unique_id=unique_id, *self._args, **self._kwargs)) | _PassThroughThenCleanup(files_to_remove_pcoll)) def _expand_direct_read(self, pcoll): project_id = None temp_table_ref = None if 'temp_dataset' in self._kwargs: temp_table_ref = bigquery.TableReference( projectId=self._kwargs['temp_dataset'].projectId, datasetId=self._kwargs['temp_dataset'].datasetId, tableId='beam_temp_table_' + uuid.uuid4().hex) else: project_id = pcoll.pipeline.options.view_as(GoogleCloudOptions).project def _get_pipeline_details(unused_elm): pipeline_details = {} if temp_table_ref is not None: pipeline_details['temp_table_ref'] = temp_table_ref elif project_id is not None: pipeline_details['project_id'] = project_id pipeline_details[ 'bigquery_dataset_labels'] = self.bigquery_dataset_labels return pipeline_details project_to_cleanup_pcoll = beam.pvalue.AsList( pcoll.pipeline | 'ProjectToCleanupImpulse' >> beam.Create([None]) | 'MapProjectToCleanup' >> beam.Map(_get_pipeline_details)) return ( pcoll | beam.io.Read( _CustomBigQueryStorageSource( pipeline_options=pcoll.pipeline.options, method=self.method, use_native_datetime=self.use_native_datetime, temp_table=temp_table_ref, bigquery_dataset_labels=self.bigquery_dataset_labels, *self._args, **self._kwargs)) | _PassThroughThenCleanupTempDatasets(project_to_cleanup_pcoll))
[docs]class ReadFromBigQueryRequest: """ Class that defines data to read from BQ. """ def __init__( self, query: str = None, use_standard_sql: bool = True, table: Union[str, TableReference] = None, flatten_results: bool = False): """ Only one of query or table should be specified. :param query: SQL query to fetch data. :param use_standard_sql: Specifies whether to use BigQuery's standard SQL dialect for this query. The default value is :data:`True`. If set to :data:`False`, the query will use BigQuery's legacy SQL dialect. This parameter is ignored for table inputs. :param table: The ID of the table to read. Table should define project and dataset (ex.: ``'PROJECT:DATASET.TABLE'``). :param flatten_results: Flattens all nested and repeated fields in the query results. The default value is :data:`False`. """ self.flatten_results = flatten_results self.query = query self.use_standard_sql = use_standard_sql self.table = table self.validate() # We use this internal object ID to generate BigQuery export directories. self.obj_id = random.randint(0, 100000)
[docs] def validate(self): if self.table is not None and self.query is not None: raise ValueError( 'Both a BigQuery table and a query were specified.' ' Please specify only one of these.') elif self.table is None and self.query is None: raise ValueError('A BigQuery table or a query must be specified') if self.table is not None: if isinstance(self.table, str): assert self.table.find('.'), ( 'Expected a table reference ' '(PROJECT:DATASET.TABLE or DATASET.TABLE) instead of %s' % self.table)
[docs]@experimental() class ReadAllFromBigQuery(PTransform): """Read data from BigQuery. PTransform:ReadFromBigQueryRequest->Rows This PTransform uses a BigQuery export job to take a snapshot of the table on GCS, and then reads from each produced file. Data is exported into a new subdirectory for each export using UUIDs generated in `ReadFromBigQueryRequest` objects. It is recommended not to use this PTransform for streaming jobs on GlobalWindow, since it will not be able to cleanup snapshots. Args: gcs_location (str): The name of the Google Cloud Storage bucket where the extracted table should be written as a string. If :data:`None`, then the temp_location parameter is used. validate (bool): If :data:`True`, various checks will be done when source gets initialized (e.g., is table present?). kms_key (str): Experimental. Optional Cloud KMS key name for use when creating new temporary tables. """ COUNTER = 0 def __init__( self, gcs_location: Union[str, ValueProvider] = None, validate: bool = False, kms_key: str = None, temp_dataset: Union[str, DatasetReference] = None, bigquery_job_labels: Dict[str, str] = None, query_priority: str = BigQueryQueryPriority.BATCH): if gcs_location: if not isinstance(gcs_location, (str, ValueProvider)): raise TypeError( '%s: gcs_location must be of type string' ' or ValueProvider; got %r instead' % (self.__class__.__name__, type(gcs_location))) self.gcs_location = gcs_location self.validate = validate self.kms_key = kms_key self.bigquery_job_labels = bigquery_job_labels self.temp_dataset = temp_dataset self.query_priority = query_priority
[docs] def expand(self, pcoll): job_name = pcoll.pipeline.options.view_as(GoogleCloudOptions).job_name project = pcoll.pipeline.options.view_as(GoogleCloudOptions).project unique_id = str(uuid.uuid4())[0:10] try: step_name = self.label except AttributeError: step_name = 'ReadAllFromBigQuery_%d' % ReadAllFromBigQuery.COUNTER ReadAllFromBigQuery.COUNTER += 1 sources_to_read, cleanup_locations = ( pcoll | beam.ParDo( _BigQueryReadSplit( options=pcoll.pipeline.options, gcs_location=self.gcs_location, bigquery_job_labels=self.bigquery_job_labels, job_name=job_name, step_name=step_name, unique_id=unique_id, kms_key=self.kms_key, project=project, temp_dataset=self.temp_dataset, query_priority=self.query_priority)).with_outputs( "location_to_cleanup", main="files_to_read") ) return ( sources_to_read | SDFBoundedSourceReader(data_to_display=self.display_data()) | _PassThroughThenCleanup(beam.pvalue.AsIter(cleanup_locations)))