Package org.apache.beam.sdk.io.range

Class ByteKeyRange

java.lang.Object

org.apache.beam.sdk.io.range.ByteKeyRange

All Implemented Interfaces:

Serializable, HasDefaultTracker<ByteKeyRange,ByteKeyRangeTracker>

public final class ByteKeyRange
extends Object
implements Serializable, HasDefaultTracker<ByteKeyRange,ByteKeyRangeTracker>

A class representing a range of ByteKeys.

Instances of ByteKeyRange are immutable.

A ByteKeyRange enforces the restriction that its start and end keys must form a valid, non-empty range [startKey, endKey) that is inclusive of the start key and exclusive of the end key.

When the end key is empty, it is treated as the largest possible key.

Interpreting ByteKey in a ByteKeyRange

The primary role of ByteKeyRange is to provide functionality for estimateFractionForKey(ByteKey), interpolateKey(double), and split(int).

ByteKeyRange implements these features by treating a ByteKey's underlying byte[] as the binary expansion of floating point numbers in the range [0.0, 1.0]. For example, the keys ByteKey.of(0x80), ByteKey.of(0xc0), and ByteKey.of(0xe0) are interpreted as 0.5, 0.75, and 0.875 respectively. The empty ByteKey.EMPTY is interpreted as 0.0 when used as the start of a range and 1.0 when used as the end key.

Key interpolation, fraction estimation, and range splitting are all interpreted in these floating-point semantics. See the respective implementations for further details. Note: the underlying implementations of these functions use BigInteger and BigDecimal, so they can be slow and should not be called in hot loops. Dynamic work rebalancing will only invoke these functions during periodic control operations, so they are not called on the critical path.

See Also:

• ByteKey
• Serialized Form

Field Summary

Fields

Modifier and Type	Field	Description
static final ByteKeyRange	ALL_KEYS	The range of all keys, with empty start and end keys.

Method Summary

Modifier and Type	Method	Description
Boolean	containsKey(ByteKey key)	Returns true if the specified ByteKey is contained within this range.
boolean	equals(@Nullable Object o)
double	estimateFractionForKey(ByteKey key)	Returns the fraction of this range [startKey, endKey) that is in the interval [startKey, key).
ByteKey	getEndKey()	Returns the ByteKey representing the upper bound of this ByteKeyRange.
ByteKey	getStartKey()	Returns the ByteKey representing the lower bound of this ByteKeyRange.
int	hashCode()
ByteKey	interpolateKey(double fraction)	Returns a ByteKey key such that [startKey, key) represents approximately the specified fraction of the range [startKey, endKey).
ByteKeyRangeTracker	newTracker()	Creates a new tracker for this.
static ByteKeyRange	of(ByteKey startKey, ByteKey endKey)	Creates a new ByteKeyRange with the given start and end keys.
Boolean	overlaps(ByteKeyRange other)	Returns true if the specified ByteKeyRange overlaps this range.
List<ByteKey>	split(int numSplits)	Returns a list of up to numSplits + 1 ByteKeys in ascending order, where the keys have been interpolated to form roughly equal sub-ranges of this ByteKeyRange, assuming a uniform distribution of keys within this range.
String	toString()
ByteKeyRange	withEndKey(ByteKey endKey)	Returns new ByteKeyRange like this one, but with the specified end key.
ByteKeyRange	withStartKey(ByteKey startKey)	Returns new ByteKeyRange like this one, but with the specified start key.

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object

clone, finalize, getClass, notify, notifyAll, wait, wait, wait

Field Details

ALL_KEYS

public static final ByteKeyRange ALL_KEYS

The range of all keys, with empty start and end keys.

Method Details

of

public static ByteKeyRange of(ByteKey startKey,
 ByteKey endKey)

Creates a new ByteKeyRange with the given start and end keys.

Note that if endKey is empty, it is treated as the largest possible key.

Throws:

IllegalArgumentException - if endKey is less than or equal to startKey, unless endKey is empty indicating the maximum possible ByteKey.

See Also:

• ByteKeyRange

getStartKey

public ByteKey getStartKey()

Returns the ByteKey representing the lower bound of this ByteKeyRange.

getEndKey

public ByteKey getEndKey()

Returns the ByteKey representing the upper bound of this ByteKeyRange.

Note that if endKey is empty, it is treated as the largest possible key.

containsKey

public Boolean containsKey(ByteKey key)

Returns true if the specified ByteKey is contained within this range.

overlaps

public Boolean overlaps(ByteKeyRange other)

Returns true if the specified ByteKeyRange overlaps this range.

split

public List<ByteKey> split(int numSplits)

Returns a list of up to numSplits + 1 ByteKeys in ascending order, where the keys have been interpolated to form roughly equal sub-ranges of this ByteKeyRange, assuming a uniform distribution of keys within this range.

The first ByteKey in the result is guaranteed to be equal to getStartKey(), and the last ByteKey in the result is guaranteed to be equal to getEndKey(). Thus the resulting list exactly spans the same key range as this ByteKeyRange.

Note that the number of keys returned is not always equal to numSplits + 1. Specifically, if this range is unsplittable (e.g., because the start and end keys are equal up to padding by zero bytes), the list returned will only contain the start and end key.

Throws:

IllegalArgumentException - if the specified number of splits is less than 1

See Also:

• the ByteKeyRange class Javadoc for more information about split semantics.

estimateFractionForKey

public double estimateFractionForKey(ByteKey key)

Returns the fraction of this range [startKey, endKey) that is in the interval [startKey, key).

Throws:

IllegalArgumentException - if key does not fall within this range

See Also:

• the ByteKeyRange class Javadoc for more information about fraction semantics.

interpolateKey

public ByteKey interpolateKey(double fraction)

Returns a ByteKey key such that [startKey, key) represents approximately the specified fraction of the range [startKey, endKey). The interpolation is computed assuming a uniform distribution of keys.

For example, given the largest possible range (defined by empty start and end keys), the fraction 0.5 will return the ByteKey.of(0x80), which will also be returned for ranges [0x40, 0xc0) and [0x6f, 0x91).

The key returned will never be empty.

Throws:

IllegalArgumentException - if fraction is outside the range [0, 1)

IllegalStateException - if this range cannot be interpolated

See Also:

• the ByteKeyRange class Javadoc for more information about fraction semantics.

withStartKey

public ByteKeyRange withStartKey(ByteKey startKey)

Returns new ByteKeyRange like this one, but with the specified start key.

withEndKey

public ByteKeyRange withEndKey(ByteKey endKey)

Returns new ByteKeyRange like this one, but with the specified end key.

toString

public String toString()

Overrides:

toString in class Object

equals

public boolean equals(@Nullable Object o)

Overrides:

equals in class Object

hashCode

public int hashCode()

Overrides:

hashCode in class Object

newTracker

public ByteKeyRangeTracker newTracker()

Description copied from interface: HasDefaultTracker

Creates a new tracker for this.

Specified by:

newTracker in interface HasDefaultTracker<ByteKeyRange,ByteKeyRangeTracker>