#
# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
# contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
# this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
# the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
#
"""Module of Interactive Beam features that can be used in notebook.
The purpose of the module is to reduce the learning curve of Interactive Beam
users, provide a single place for importing and add sugar syntax for all
Interactive Beam components. It gives users capability to interact with existing
environment/session/context for Interactive Beam and visualize PCollections as
bounded dataset. In the meantime, it hides the interactivity implementation
from users so that users can focus on developing Beam pipeline without worrying
about how hidden states in the interactive session are managed.
Note: If you want backward-compatibility, only invoke interfaces provided by
this module in your notebook or application code.
"""
# pytype: skip-file
import logging
from datetime import timedelta
import pandas as pd
import apache_beam as beam
from apache_beam.dataframe.frame_base import DeferredBase
from apache_beam.runners.interactive import interactive_environment as ie
from apache_beam.runners.interactive.display import pipeline_graph
from apache_beam.runners.interactive.display.pcoll_visualization import visualize
from apache_beam.runners.interactive.display.pcoll_visualization import visualize_computed_pcoll
from apache_beam.runners.interactive.options import interactive_options
from apache_beam.runners.interactive.utils import deferred_df_to_pcollection
from apache_beam.runners.interactive.utils import elements_to_df
from apache_beam.runners.interactive.utils import find_pcoll_name
from apache_beam.runners.interactive.utils import progress_indicated
from apache_beam.runners.runner import PipelineState
_LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
[docs]class Options(interactive_options.InteractiveOptions):
"""Options that guide how Interactive Beam works."""
@property
def enable_recording_replay(self):
"""Whether replayable source data recorded should be replayed for multiple
PCollection evaluations and pipeline runs as long as the data recorded is
still valid."""
return self.capture_control._enable_capture_replay
@enable_recording_replay.setter
def enable_recording_replay(self, value):
"""Sets whether source data recorded should be replayed. True - Enables
recording of replayable source data so that following PCollection
evaluations and pipeline runs always use the same data recorded;
False - Disables recording of replayable source data so that following
PCollection evaluation and pipeline runs always use new data from sources.
"""
# This makes sure the log handler is configured correctly in case the
# options are configured in an early stage.
_ = ie.current_env()
if value:
_LOGGER.info(
'Record replay is enabled. When a PCollection is evaluated or the '
'pipeline is executed, existing data recorded from previous '
'computations will be replayed for consistent results. If no '
'recorded data is available, new data from recordable sources will '
'be recorded.')
else:
_LOGGER.info(
'Record replay is disabled. The next time a PCollection is '
'evaluated or the pipeline is executed, new data will always be '
'consumed from sources in the pipeline. You will not have '
'replayability until re-enabling this option.')
self.capture_control._enable_capture_replay = value
@property
def recordable_sources(self):
"""Interactive Beam automatically records data from sources in this set.
"""
return self.capture_control._capturable_sources
@property
def recording_duration(self):
"""The data recording of sources ends as soon as the background source
recording job has run for this long."""
return self.capture_control._capture_duration
@recording_duration.setter
def recording_duration(self, value):
"""Sets the recording duration as a timedelta. The input can be a
datetime.timedelta, a possitive integer as seconds or a string
representation that is parsable by pandas.to_timedelta.
Example::
# Sets the recording duration limit to 10 seconds.
ib.options.recording_duration = timedelta(seconds=10)
ib.options.recording_duration = 10
ib.options.recording_duration = '10s'
# Explicitly control the recordings.
ib.recordings.stop(p)
ib.recordings.clear(p)
ib.recordings.record(p)
# The next PCollection evaluation uses fresh data from sources,
# and the data recorded will be replayed until another clear.
ib.collect(some_pcoll)
"""
duration = None
if isinstance(value, int):
assert value > 0, 'Duration must be a positive value.'
duration = timedelta(seconds=value)
elif isinstance(value, str):
duration = pd.to_timedelta(value)
else:
assert isinstance(value, timedelta), ('The input can only abe a '
'datetime.timedelta, a possitive integer as seconds, or a string '
'representation that is parsable by pandas.to_timedelta.')
duration = value
if self.capture_control._capture_duration.total_seconds(
) != duration.total_seconds():
_ = ie.current_env()
_LOGGER.info(
'You have changed recording duration from %s seconds to %s seconds. '
'To allow new data to be recorded for the updated duration the '
'next time a PCollection is evaluated or the pipeline is executed, '
'please invoke ib.recordings.stop, ib.recordings.clear and '
'ib.recordings.record.',
self.capture_control._capture_duration.total_seconds(),
duration.total_seconds())
self.capture_control._capture_duration = duration
@property
def recording_size_limit(self):
"""The data recording of sources ends as soon as the size (in bytes) of data
recorded from recordable sources reaches the limit."""
return self.capture_control._capture_size_limit
@recording_size_limit.setter
def recording_size_limit(self, value):
"""Sets the recording size in bytes.
Example::
# Sets the recording size limit to 1GB.
interactive_beam.options.recording_size_limit = 1e9
"""
if self.capture_control._capture_size_limit != value:
_ = ie.current_env()
_LOGGER.info(
'You have changed recording size limit from %s bytes to %s bytes. To '
'allow new data to be recorded under the updated size limit the '
'next time a PCollection is recorded or the pipeline is executed, '
'please invoke ib.recordings.stop, ib.recordings.clear and '
'ib.recordings.record.',
self.capture_control._capture_size_limit,
value)
self.capture_control._capture_size_limit = value
@property
def display_timestamp_format(self):
"""The format in which timestamps are displayed.
Default is '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f%z', e.g. 2020-02-01 15:05:06.000015-08:00.
"""
return self._display_timestamp_format
@display_timestamp_format.setter
def display_timestamp_format(self, value):
"""Sets the format in which timestamps are displayed.
Default is '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f%z', e.g. 2020-02-01 15:05:06.000015-08:00.
Example::
# Sets the format to not display the timezone or microseconds.
interactive_beam.options.display_timestamp_format = %Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'
"""
self._display_timestamp_format = value
@property
def display_timezone(self):
"""The timezone in which timestamps are displayed.
Defaults to local timezone.
"""
return self._display_timezone
@display_timezone.setter
def display_timezone(self, value):
"""Sets the timezone (datetime.tzinfo) in which timestamps are displayed.
Defaults to local timezone.
Example::
# Imports the timezone library.
from pytz import timezone
# Will display all timestamps in the US/Eastern time zone.
tz = timezone('US/Eastern')
# You can also use dateutil.tz to get a timezone.
tz = dateutil.tz.gettz('US/Eastern')
interactive_beam.options.display_timezone = tz
"""
self._display_timezone = value
[docs]class Recordings():
"""An introspection interface for recordings for pipelines.
When a user materializes a PCollection onto disk (eg. ib.show) for a streaming
pipeline, a background source recording job is started. This job pulls data
from all defined unbounded sources for that PCollection's pipeline. The
following methods allow for introspection into that background recording job.
"""
[docs] def describe(self, pipeline=None):
# type: (Optional[beam.Pipeline]) -> dict[str, Any]
"""Returns a description of all the recordings for the given pipeline.
If no pipeline is given then this returns a dictionary of descriptions for
all pipelines.
"""
# Create the RecordingManager if it doesn't already exist.
if pipeline:
ie.current_env().get_recording_manager(pipeline, create_if_absent=True)
description = ie.current_env().describe_all_recordings()
if pipeline:
return description[pipeline]
return description
[docs] def clear(self, pipeline):
# type: (beam.Pipeline) -> bool
"""Clears all recordings of the given pipeline. Returns True if cleared."""
description = self.describe(pipeline)
if (not PipelineState.is_terminal(description['state']) and
description['state'] != PipelineState.STOPPED):
_LOGGER.warning(
'Trying to clear a recording with a running pipeline. Did '
'you forget to call ib.recordings.stop?')
return False
ie.current_env().cleanup(pipeline)
return True
[docs] def stop(self, pipeline):
# type: (beam.Pipeline) -> None
"""Stops the background source recording of the given pipeline."""
recording_manager = ie.current_env().get_recording_manager(
pipeline, create_if_absent=True)
recording_manager.cancel()
[docs] def record(self, pipeline):
# type: (beam.Pipeline) -> bool
"""Starts a background source recording job for the given pipeline. Returns
True if the recording job was started.
"""
description = self.describe(pipeline)
if (not PipelineState.is_terminal(description['state']) and
description['state'] != PipelineState.STOPPED):
_LOGGER.warning(
'Trying to start a recording with a running pipeline. Did '
'you forget to call ib.recordings.stop?')
return False
if description['size'] > 0:
_LOGGER.warning(
'A recording already exists for this pipeline. To start a '
'recording, make sure to call ib.recordings.clear first.')
return False
recording_manager = ie.current_env().get_recording_manager(
pipeline, create_if_absent=True)
return recording_manager.record_pipeline()
# Users can set options to guide how Interactive Beam works.
# Examples:
# from apache_beam.runners.interactive import interactive_beam as ib
# ib.options.enable_recording_replay = False/True
# ib.options.recording_duration = '1m'
# ib.options.recordable_sources.add(SourceClass)
# Check the docstrings for detailed usages.
options = Options()
# Users can introspect into recordings by using the recordings class.
# Examples:
# p = beam.Pipeline(InteractiveRunner())
# elems = p | beam.Create([1, 2, 3])
# ib.show(elems)
# ib.recordings.describe(p)
recordings = Recordings()
[docs]def watch(watchable):
"""Monitors a watchable.
This allows Interactive Beam to implicitly pass on the information about the
location of your pipeline definition.
Current implementation mainly watches for PCollection variables defined in
user code. A watchable can be a dictionary of variable metadata such as
locals(), a str name of a module, a module object or an instance of a class.
The variable can come from any scope even local variables in a method of a
class defined in a module.
Below are all valid::
watch(__main__) # if import __main__ is already invoked
watch('__main__') # does not require invoking import __main__ beforehand
watch(self) # inside a class
watch(SomeInstance()) # an instance of a class
watch(locals()) # inside a function, watching local variables within
If you write a Beam pipeline in the __main__ module directly, since the
__main__ module is always watched, you don't have to instruct Interactive
Beam. If your Beam pipeline is defined in some module other than __main__,
such as inside a class function or a unit test, you can watch() the scope.
For example::
class Foo(object)
def run_pipeline(self):
with beam.Pipeline() as p:
init_pcoll = p | 'Init Create' >> beam.Create(range(10))
watch(locals())
return init_pcoll
init_pcoll = Foo().run_pipeline()
Interactive Beam caches init_pcoll for the first run.
Then you can use::
show(init_pcoll)
To visualize data from init_pcoll once the pipeline is executed.
"""
ie.current_env().watch(watchable)
[docs]@progress_indicated
def show(
*pcolls,
include_window_info=False,
visualize_data=False,
n='inf',
duration='inf'):
# type: (*Union[Dict[Any, PCollection], Iterable[PCollection], PCollection], bool, bool, Union[int, str], Union[int, str]) -> None
"""Shows given PCollections in an interactive exploratory way if used within
a notebook, or prints a heading sampled data if used within an ipython shell.
Noop if used in a non-interactive environment.
Args:
include_window_info: (optional) if True, windowing information of the
data will be visualized too. Default is false.
visualize_data: (optional) by default, the visualization contains data
tables rendering data from given pcolls separately as if they are
converted into dataframes. If visualize_data is True, there will be a
more dive-in widget and statistically overview widget of the data.
Otherwise, those 2 data visualization widgets will not be displayed.
n: (optional) max number of elements to visualize. Default 'inf'.
duration: (optional) max duration of elements to read in integer seconds or
a string duration. Default 'inf'.
The given pcolls can be dictionary of PCollections (as values), or iterable
of PCollections or plain PCollection values.
The user can specify either the max number of elements with `n` to read
or the maximum duration of elements to read with `duration`. When a limiter is
not supplied, it is assumed to be infinite.
By default, the visualization contains data tables rendering data from given
pcolls separately as if they are converted into dataframes. If visualize_data
is True, there will be a more dive-in widget and statistically overview widget
of the data. Otherwise, those 2 data visualization widgets will not be
displayed.
Ad hoc builds a pipeline fragment including only transforms that are
necessary to produce data for given PCollections pcolls, runs the pipeline
fragment to compute data for those pcolls and then visualizes the data.
The function is always blocking. If used within a notebook, the data
visualized might be dynamically updated before the function returns as more
and more data could getting processed and emitted when the pipeline fragment
is being executed. If used within an ipython shell, there will be no dynamic
plotting but a static plotting in the end of pipeline fragment execution.
The PCollections given must belong to the same pipeline.
For example::
p = beam.Pipeline(InteractiveRunner())
init = p | 'Init' >> beam.Create(range(1000))
square = init | 'Square' >> beam.Map(lambda x: x * x)
cube = init | 'Cube' >> beam.Map(lambda x: x ** 3)
# Below builds a pipeline fragment from the defined pipeline `p` that
# contains only applied transforms of `Init` and `Square`. Then the
# interactive runner runs the pipeline fragment implicitly to compute data
# represented by PCollection `square` and visualizes it.
show(square)
# This is equivalent to `show(square)` because `square` depends on `init`
# and `init` is included in the pipeline fragment and computed anyway.
show(init, square)
# Below is similar to running `p.run()`. It computes data for both
# PCollection `square` and PCollection `cube`, then visualizes them.
show(square, cube)
"""
flatten_pcolls = []
for pcoll_container in pcolls:
if isinstance(pcoll_container, dict):
flatten_pcolls.extend(pcoll_container.values())
elif isinstance(pcoll_container, (beam.pvalue.PCollection, DeferredBase)):
flatten_pcolls.append(pcoll_container)
else:
try:
flatten_pcolls.extend(iter(pcoll_container))
except TypeError:
raise ValueError(
'The given pcoll %s is not a dict, an iterable or a PCollection.' %
pcoll_container)
# Iterate through the given PCollections and convert any deferred DataFrames
# or Series into PCollections.
pcolls = set()
# The element type is used to help visualize the given PCollection. For the
# deferred DataFrame/Series case it is the proxy of the frame.
element_types = {}
for pcoll in flatten_pcolls:
if isinstance(pcoll, DeferredBase):
pcoll, element_type = deferred_df_to_pcollection(pcoll)
watch({'anonymous_pcollection_{}'.format(id(pcoll)): pcoll})
else:
element_type = pcoll.element_type
element_types[pcoll] = element_type
pcolls.add(pcoll)
assert isinstance(pcoll, beam.pvalue.PCollection), (
'{} is not an apache_beam.pvalue.PCollection.'.format(pcoll))
assert len(pcolls) > 0, (
'Need at least 1 PCollection to show data visualization.')
pcoll_pipeline = next(iter(pcolls)).pipeline
user_pipeline = ie.current_env().user_pipeline(pcoll_pipeline)
# Possibly showing a PCollection defined in a local scope that is not
# explicitly watched. Ad hoc watch it though it's a little late.
if not user_pipeline:
watch({'anonymous_pipeline_{}'.format(id(pcoll_pipeline)): pcoll_pipeline})
user_pipeline = pcoll_pipeline
if isinstance(n, str):
assert n == 'inf', (
'Currently only the string \'inf\' is supported. This denotes reading '
'elements until the recording is stopped via a kernel interrupt.')
elif isinstance(n, int):
assert n > 0, 'n needs to be positive or the string \'inf\''
if isinstance(duration, int):
assert duration > 0, ('duration needs to be positive, a duration string, '
'or the string \'inf\'')
if n == 'inf':
n = float('inf')
if duration == 'inf':
duration = float('inf')
previously_computed_pcolls = {
pcoll
for pcoll in pcolls if pcoll in ie.current_env().computed_pcollections
}
for pcoll in previously_computed_pcolls:
visualize_computed_pcoll(
find_pcoll_name(pcoll),
pcoll,
n,
duration,
include_window_info=include_window_info,
display_facets=visualize_data)
pcolls = pcolls - previously_computed_pcolls
recording_manager = ie.current_env().get_recording_manager(
user_pipeline, create_if_absent=True)
recording = recording_manager.record(pcolls, max_n=n, max_duration=duration)
# Catch a KeyboardInterrupt to gracefully cancel the recording and
# visualizations.
try:
# If in notebook, static plotting computed pcolls as computation is done.
if ie.current_env().is_in_notebook:
for stream in recording.computed().values():
visualize(
stream,
include_window_info=include_window_info,
display_facets=visualize_data,
element_type=element_types[stream.pcoll])
elif ie.current_env().is_in_ipython:
for stream in recording.computed().values():
visualize(
stream,
include_window_info=include_window_info,
element_type=element_types[stream.pcoll])
if recording.is_computed():
return
# If in notebook, dynamic plotting as computation goes.
if ie.current_env().is_in_notebook:
for stream in recording.uncomputed().values():
visualize(
stream,
dynamic_plotting_interval=1,
include_window_info=include_window_info,
display_facets=visualize_data,
element_type=element_types[stream.pcoll])
# Invoke wait_until_finish to ensure the blocking nature of this API without
# relying on the run to be blocking.
recording.wait_until_finish()
# If just in ipython shell, plotting once when the computation is completed.
if ie.current_env().is_in_ipython and not ie.current_env().is_in_notebook:
for stream in recording.computed().values():
visualize(stream, include_window_info=include_window_info)
except KeyboardInterrupt:
if recording:
recording.cancel()
[docs]@progress_indicated
def collect(pcoll, n='inf', duration='inf', include_window_info=False):
"""Materializes the elements from a PCollection into a Dataframe.
This reads each element from file and reads only the amount that it needs
into memory. The user can specify either the max number of elements to read
or the maximum duration of elements to read. When a limiter is not supplied,
it is assumed to be infinite.
Args:
n: (optional) max number of elements to visualize. Default 'inf'.
duration: (optional) max duration of elements to read in integer seconds or
a string duration. Default 'inf'.
include_window_info: (optional) if True, appends the windowing information
to each row. Default False.
For example::
p = beam.Pipeline(InteractiveRunner())
init = p | 'Init' >> beam.Create(range(10))
square = init | 'Square' >> beam.Map(lambda x: x * x)
# Run the pipeline and bring the PCollection into memory as a Dataframe.
in_memory_square = head(square, n=5)
"""
# Remember the element type so we can make an informed decision on how to
# collect the result in elements_to_df.
if isinstance(pcoll, DeferredBase):
# Get the proxy so we can get the output shape of the DataFrame.
pcoll, element_type = deferred_df_to_pcollection(pcoll)
watch({'anonymous_pcollection_{}'.format(id(pcoll)): pcoll})
else:
element_type = pcoll.element_type
assert isinstance(pcoll, beam.pvalue.PCollection), (
'{} is not an apache_beam.pvalue.PCollection.'.format(pcoll))
if isinstance(n, str):
assert n == 'inf', (
'Currently only the string \'inf\' is supported. This denotes reading '
'elements until the recording is stopped via a kernel interrupt.')
elif isinstance(n, int):
assert n > 0, 'n needs to be positive or the string \'inf\''
if isinstance(duration, int):
assert duration > 0, ('duration needs to be positive, a duration string, '
'or the string \'inf\'')
if n == 'inf':
n = float('inf')
if duration == 'inf':
duration = float('inf')
user_pipeline = ie.current_env().user_pipeline(pcoll.pipeline)
# Possibly collecting a PCollection defined in a local scope that is not
# explicitly watched. Ad hoc watch it though it's a little late.
if not user_pipeline:
watch({'anonymous_pipeline_{}'.format(id(pcoll.pipeline)): pcoll.pipeline})
user_pipeline = pcoll.pipeline
recording_manager = ie.current_env().get_recording_manager(
user_pipeline, create_if_absent=True)
# If already computed, directly read the stream and return.
if pcoll in ie.current_env().computed_pcollections:
pcoll_name = find_pcoll_name(pcoll)
elements = list(
recording_manager.read(pcoll_name, pcoll, n, duration).read())
return elements_to_df(
elements,
include_window_info=include_window_info,
element_type=element_type)
recording = recording_manager.record([pcoll], max_n=n, max_duration=duration)
try:
elements = list(recording.stream(pcoll).read())
except KeyboardInterrupt:
recording.cancel()
return pd.DataFrame()
if n == float('inf'):
n = None
# Collecting DataFrames may have a length > n, so slice again to be sure. Note
# that array[:None] returns everything.
return elements_to_df(
elements,
include_window_info=include_window_info,
element_type=element_type)[:n]
[docs]@progress_indicated
def show_graph(pipeline):
"""Shows the current pipeline shape of a given Beam pipeline as a DAG.
"""
pipeline_graph.PipelineGraph(pipeline).display_graph()
[docs]def evict_recorded_data(pipeline=None):
"""Forcefully evicts all recorded replayable data for the given pipeline. If
no pipeline is specified, evicts for all user defined pipelines.
Once invoked, Interactive Beam will record new data based on the guidance of
options the next time it evaluates/visualizes PCollections or runs pipelines.
"""
from apache_beam.runners.interactive.options import capture_control
capture_control.evict_captured_data(pipeline)